Linux下分割槽詳解之 Parted
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-11-14
通常我們用的比較多的一般都是fdisk工具來進行分割槽,但是現在由於磁碟越來越廉價,而且磁碟空間越來越大;而fdisk工具他對分割槽是有大小限制的,它只能劃分小於2T的磁碟。但是現在的磁碟空間很多都已經是遠遠大於2T了,甚至達到2.5T和3T,那要怎麼辦能,有兩個方法,其一是通過卷管理來實現,其二就是通過Parted工具來實現對GPT磁碟進行分割槽操作。GPT格式的磁碟相當於原來MBR磁碟中原來保留4個partition table的4*16個位元組,只留第一個16個位元組,類似於擴充套件分割槽,真正的partitiontable在512位元組之後,GPT磁碟沒有四個主分割槽的限制。
Parted工具詳解:進入Parted的方法(在命令列輸入Parted命令即可)
[ [email protected] ~]# partet
Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/hdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
獲取parted工具幫助的方法:(只需輸入help即可)
(parted) help
或
[[email protected] ~]# parted--help
退出parted工具(只需輸入quit即可)
(parted) quit
Information: Don't forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary.
並且同時會提示及時更新/etc/fstab檔案
開始通過parted工具來對磁碟進行操作
檢視單個磁碟狀態
[[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdb
(parted) p
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3
(parted)1
檢視所有磁碟狀態
[[email protected] ~]#parted -l
通過parted工具來建立大於2T的分割槽
[[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1 #Parted的軟體版本號
Using /dev/sde #將執行下面操作盤
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. –歡迎資訊
(parted) mklabel #建立建立磁碟標籤
New disk labeltype? gpt
(parted) p #檢視分割槽狀態
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? gpt2t #指定分割槽名稱
File system type? [ext2]ext3 #指定分割槽型別
Start? 1 #指定開始位置
End? 2190GB #指定結束位置
(parted) P #顯示分割槽資訊
(parted) Q #退出
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. #提示不要忘記更新/etc/fstab檔案
通過parted工具來實現單磁碟多分割槽
[[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p ---列出分割槽資訊
Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. ----由於沒有打上磁碟標籤,所以表現資訊無法列出
(parted)mklabel ----建立磁碟標籤
New disk labeltype? gpt ---輸入磁碟表名
(parted) p ----再次列出磁碟分割槽
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) ---顯示磁碟型別為SCSI磁碟
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB ---磁碟大小為1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B ---扇區大小為512B
Partition Table:gpt ----顯示標籤名為我剛才輸入的標籤名稱
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----現在是一新硬碟還沒有建立分割槽
(parted)mkpart ---建立分割槽
Partitionname? []? part1 ---指定分割槽名稱
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分割槽型別
Start? 1G ---指定起始位置
End? 10G ----指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart ---建立分割槽
Partitionname? []? part2 ---指定分割槽名稱
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分割槽型別
Start? 11G ---指定起始位置
End? 100G ---指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart
Partitionname? []? part3
File systemtype? [ext2]?
Start? 101G ----指定分割槽其實位置
End? -1 ----指定到分割槽最後
(parted) p ----顯示分割槽資訊
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ---檢視到下面共有三個分割槽
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
3 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3
(parted) rm 3 ------刪除分割槽3
(parted) p ------再次檢視分割槽狀態
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----顯示分割槽刪除成功,只剩下兩個分割槽
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
(parted) quit
Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
[[email protected] ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd*
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2
通過parted工具來刪除分割槽
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sde
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t
(parted) rm 1 ----刪除分1號分割槽
(parted) p ----顯示分割槽資訊,看如下是沒有分割槽的
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
通過parted工具來建立檔案系統
[[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdd -----選擇要格式化的磁碟
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkfs 2ext3 ----格式化的型別為ext3分割槽號為2-
Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will
be lost. Do youwant to continue?
parted: invalidtoken: 2
Yes/No? yes ----再次確認是否格式化
Partition number?2 -----再次輸入磁碟分割槽號
File system? [ext2]? ----格式化的型別
(parted)
檢視格式化是否成功:
(parted) p -----檢視檔案系統是否被格式化
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -------可以看到檔案系統型別為ext2,可確定檔案系統已經被格式化了。
(parted)
掛載剛才格式化後的檔案系統
[[email protected] ~]#cd / -----退到根目錄
[[email protected] /]#mkdir part2 -----建立part目錄
[[email protected] /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -----將/dev/sdd2掛載到/part2
[[email protected] /]#df –h -----檢視分割槽資訊
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G 5.8G 11G 35% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 ------可以看到已經被掛載上來
[[email protected] /]#cd /part2
[[email protected]]# mkdir 1111 ------並且可以訪問
[[email protected]]# ls
1111 lost+found
[[email protected] part2]#
刪除和恢復分割槽
[[email protected] /]#umount /dev/sdd2 ----解除安裝分割槽
[[email protected] /]#parted /dev/sdd ---通過parted選擇/dev/sdd磁碟進入操作
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 2 ------刪除磁碟分割槽
(parted) rescue -------對磁碟分割槽進行恢復
Start? 10G
End? 100G
Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add
it to the partition table?
Yes/No/Cancel? Yes ----告訴
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2
(parted)
[[email protected]/]# cd /part2 ----神奇吧,資料也被恢復回來了
[[email protected]]# ls
1111 lost+found
通過parted工具來驗證和維護檔案系統及分割槽。
驗證檔案系統的完整性:
(parted)check 1
Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck. Modifyingan
uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption.
Ignore/Cancel?ignore
Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check,
use thee2fsck program.
(parted)