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Linux下分割槽詳解之 Parted

通常我們用的比較多的一般都是fdisk工具來進行分割槽,但是現在由於磁碟越來越廉價,而且磁碟空間越來越大;而fdisk工具他對分割槽是有大小限制的,它只能劃分小於2T的磁碟。但是現在的磁碟空間很多都已經是遠遠大於2T了,甚至達到2.5T和3T,那要怎麼辦能,有兩個方法,其一是通過卷管理來實現,其二就是通過Parted工具來實現對GPT磁碟進行分割槽操作。GPT格式的磁碟相當於原來MBR磁碟中原來保留4個partition table的4*16個位元組,只留第一個16個位元組,類似於擴充套件分割槽,真正的partitiontable在512位元組之後,GPT磁碟沒有四個主分割槽的限制。
Parted工具詳解:進入Parted的方法(在命令列輸入Parted命令即可)
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~]# partet Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been opened read-only. GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/hdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) 獲取parted工具幫助的方法:(只需輸入help即可) (parted) help 或 [[email protected]
~]# parted--help 退出parted工具(只需輸入quit即可) (parted) quit Information: Don't forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary. 並且同時會提示及時更新/etc/fstab檔案 開始通過parted工具來對磁碟進行操作 檢視單個磁碟狀態 [[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdb (parted) p Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table:msdos Number Start End
Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3 (parted)1 檢視所有磁碟狀態 [[email protected] ~]#parted -l 通過parted工具來建立大於2T的分割槽 [[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sde GNU Parted 1.8.1 #Parted的軟體版本號 Using /dev/sde #將執行下面操作盤 Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. –歡迎資訊 (parted) mklabel #建立建立磁碟標籤 New disk labeltype? gpt (parted) p #檢視分割槽狀態 (parted) mkpart Partition name? []? gpt2t #指定分割槽名稱 File system type? [ext2]ext3 #指定分割槽型別 Start? 1 #指定開始位置 End? 2190GB #指定結束位置 (parted) P #顯示分割槽資訊 (parted) Q #退出 Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. #提示不要忘記更新/etc/fstab檔案 通過parted工具來實現單磁碟多分割槽 [[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdd GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sdd Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) p ---列出分割槽資訊 Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. ----由於沒有打上磁碟標籤,所以表現資訊無法列出 (parted)mklabel ----建立磁碟標籤 New disk labeltype? gpt ---輸入磁碟表名 (parted) p ----再次列出磁碟分割槽 Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) ---顯示磁碟型別為SCSI磁碟 Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB ---磁碟大小為1100GB Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B ---扇區大小為512B Partition Table:gpt ----顯示標籤名為我剛才輸入的標籤名稱 Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----現在是一新硬碟還沒有建立分割槽 (parted)mkpart ---建立分割槽 Partitionname? []? part1 ---指定分割槽名稱 File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分割槽型別 Start? 1G ---指定起始位置 End? 10G ----指定終止位置 (parted)mkpart ---建立分割槽 Partitionname? []? part2 ---指定分割槽名稱 File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分割槽型別 Start? 11G ---指定起始位置 End? 100G ---指定終止位置 (parted)mkpart Partitionname? []? part3 File systemtype? [ext2]? Start? 101G ----指定分割槽其實位置 End? -1 ----指定到分割槽最後 (parted) p ----顯示分割槽資訊 Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ---檢視到下面共有三個分割槽 1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1 2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2 3 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3 (parted) rm 3 ------刪除分割槽3 (parted) p ------再次檢視分割槽狀態 Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----顯示分割槽刪除成功,只剩下兩個分割槽 1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1 2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2 (parted) quit Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. [[email protected] ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd* brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1 brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2 通過parted工具來刪除分割槽 [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sde (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t (parted) rm 1 ----刪除分1號分割槽 (parted) p ----顯示分割槽資訊,看如下是沒有分割槽的 Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags (parted) q Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. 通過parted工具來建立檔案系統 [[email protected] ~]#parted /dev/sdd -----選擇要格式化的磁碟 GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sdd Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mkfs 2ext3 ----格式化的型別為ext3分割槽號為2- Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will be lost. Do youwant to continue? parted: invalidtoken: 2 Yes/No? yes ----再次確認是否格式化 Partition number?2 -----再次輸入磁碟分割槽號 File system? [ext2]? ----格式化的型別 (parted) 檢視格式化是否成功: (parted) p -----檢視檔案系統是否被格式化 Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table:gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1 2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -------可以看到檔案系統型別為ext2,可確定檔案系統已經被格式化了。 (parted) 掛載剛才格式化後的檔案系統 [[email protected] ~]#cd / -----退到根目錄 [[email protected] /]#mkdir part2 -----建立part目錄 [[email protected] /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -----將/dev/sdd2掛載到/part2 [[email protected] /]#df –h -----檢視分割槽資訊 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 18G 5.8G 11G 35% / /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 ------可以看到已經被掛載上來 [[email protected] /]#cd /part2 [[email protected]]# mkdir 1111 ------並且可以訪問 [[email protected]]# ls 1111 lost+found [[email protected] part2]# 刪除和恢復分割槽 [[email protected] /]#umount /dev/sdd2 ----解除安裝分割槽 [[email protected] /]#parted /dev/sdd ---通過parted選擇/dev/sdd磁碟進入操作 GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sdd Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) rm 2 ------刪除磁碟分割槽 (parted) rescue -------對磁碟分割槽進行恢復 Start? 10G End? 100G Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add it to the partition table? Yes/No/Cancel? Yes ----告訴 (parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1 2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 (parted) [[email protected]/]# cd /part2 ----神奇吧,資料也被恢復回來了 [[email protected]]# ls 1111 lost+found 通過parted工具來驗證和維護檔案系統及分割槽。 驗證檔案系統的完整性: (parted)check 1 Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck. Modifyingan uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption. Ignore/Cancel?ignore Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check, use thee2fsck program. (parted)