團隊一致性的PHP開發環境之Vagrant
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-19
Vagrant
簡介
Vagrant是一個基於Ruby的工具，用於建立和部署虛擬化開發環境。
它的主要意義是讓所有開發人員都使用和線上伺服器一樣的環境，本質上和你新建一個虛擬機器安裝
# https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html
# vagrant 下載， 自行安裝
# https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
# virtualbox 下載， 自行安裝
常用命令
vagrant init # 初始化，生成Vagrantfile vagrant up # 啟動虛擬機器 vagrant halt # 關閉虛擬機器 vagrant reload # 重啟虛擬機器 vagrant ssh # SSH 至虛擬機器 vagrant suspend # 掛起虛擬機器 vagrant resume # 喚醒虛擬機器 vagrant status # 檢視虛擬機器執行狀態 vagrant destroy # 銷燬當前虛擬機器 #box管理命令 vagrant box list # 檢視本地box列表 vagrant box add # 新增box到列表 vagrant box remove # 從box列表移除 # 修改了配置需要啟動或重啟 vagrant provision vagrant reload --provision
homestead
站在巨人的肩膀上，快速部署PHP開發環境 homestead是laravel官方的一個php開發環境 （本教程採用homestead box6.1.0） 內建： Ubuntu 18.04 Git PHP 7.2 PHP 7.1 PHP 7.0 PHP 5.6 Nginx Apache (可選。本教程不安裝) MySQL MariaDB (可選。本教程不安裝) Sqlite3 PostgreSQL Composer Node (With Yarn, Bower, Grunt, and Gulp) Redis Memcached Beanstalkd Mailhog Neo4j (可選。本教程不安裝) MongoDB (可選。本教程不安裝) Elasticsearch (可選。本教程不安裝，以免過大) ngrok wp-cli Zend Z-Ray Go Minio
下載box（homestead）
# wget https://vagrantcloud.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/6.1.0/providers/virtualbox.box
# 網盤：box映象
# metadata.json { "name": "laravel/homestead", "versions": [ { "version": "6.1.0", "providers": [ { "name": "virtualbox", "url": "X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box" } ] } ] } vagrant add box metadata.json or vagrant add box laravel/homestead X:/path/homestead-6.1.0.box --box-version=6.1.0 vagrant box list # laravel/homestead (virtualbox, 6.1.0) vagrant init laravel/homestead --box-version=6.1.0 # 生成了Vagrantfile檔案
調整後的Vagrantfile配置
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = "virtualbox"
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# 虛擬機器名
# config.vm.define = "sxx_v1"
# 映象名
config.vm.box = "laravel/homestead"
# 映象版本要求
config.vm.box_version = "6.1.0"
# config.vm.box_version = ">= 6.1.0"
# 服務名 這裡注意不能用下劃線"_"
config.vm.hostname = "sxx-dev-server"
# 虛擬機器的私有網路ip
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.10.10"
# 共享同步的資料目錄
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/docker", "/home/share", create:false
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/sxx_admin3", "/web/www/sxx_admin3", create:false
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/qkl/sxx/vagrant/nginx/conf", "/etc/nginx/sites-custom/", create:false
# 埠轉發
# guest->虛擬機器
# host->宿主
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8000
# VirtualBox 虛擬機器配置:
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.gui = false
vb.name = "sxx_v1"
vb.memory = "2048"
vb.cpus = "2"
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
#config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# sudo apt-get update
#SHELL
end啟動
vagrant up
# output
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box 'laravel/homestead' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
default: 80 (guest) => 8000 (host) (adapter 1)
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Setting hostname...
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
The following SSH command responded with a non-zero exit status.
Vagrant assumes that this means the command failed!
/sbin/ifdown 'eth1' || true
/sbin/ip addr flush dev 'eth1'
# Remove any previous network modifications from the interfaces file
sed -e '/^#VAGRANT-BEGIN/,$ d' /etc/network/interfaces > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
sed -ne '/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ p' /etc/network/interfaces | tac | sed -e '/^#VAGRANT-END/,$ d' | tac > /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post
cat \
/tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre \
/tmp/vagrant-network-entry \
/tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post \
> /etc/network/interfaces
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.pre
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-entry
rm -f /tmp/vagrant-network-interfaces.post
/sbin/ifup 'eth1'
Stdout from the command:
Stderr from the command:
bash: line 4: /sbin/ifdown: No such file or directory
bash: line 20: /sbin/ifup: No such file or directory
# 這提示出錯了，應該是官方的打包沒安裝ifupdown時候的問題解決錯誤
# 這裡的ip，我們上面設定為192.168.10.10
ssh -p 2222 [email protected]
or
直接開啟virtualbox的虛擬機器進入
# 輸入密碼
sudo apt-get install -y ifupdown
# 重新啟動
vagrant reload
# output
初始化工作
# 重置/設定root密碼
su passwd root
# 輸入新密碼 這裡我是Vagrant123
# 解決homestead6.1.0裡沒有phpize的問題 安裝過程會提示操作，預設選擇即可
sudo apt-get install -y php7.2-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.1-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php7.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y php5.6-dev
# 如果需要更換linux下預設版本
# ubunut
update-alternavtives --config php
# 選擇自己需要的版本前的序列即可
# nginx配置裡可以直接指定版本，具體檢視分享的nginx配置即可安裝擴充套件
# 這我就不演示怎麼安裝了基本都是phpize -> configure -> make && make install
redis
mongodb
rdkafka（安裝前先安裝librdkafka-https://github.com/edenhill/librdkafka）
zookeeper(安裝前線安裝zookeeker的C庫支援）建議後續安裝的擴充套件
swoole
# https://wiki.swoole.com/wiki/index/prid-1檢視常用服務
打包vagrant box
vagrant package --output sxx_v1
# output 專案下生成了sxx_v1分享和使用
1. 安裝vagrant
2. 安裝virtualbox
3. copy 分享的box
4. 新增box: vagrant add box qklin/sxx_v1 box_file -box-version=6.1.0 或者上面的metadata.json新增
5. 設定複製一份Vagrantfile，調整成自己所需的共享目錄
6. 新增nginx的虛擬主機配置
7. vagrant up
8. 如果nginx有問題，你可以ssh到虛擬機器，然後重啟下nginx，因為共享目錄可能遲於nginx，所以nginx啟動除了問題，重啟nginx即可（/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload）分享本教程的vagrantbox和部分配置
# sxx_v1 box
連結: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vkU5PTt856Ru7eCiqU3KpQ 密碼: 6666
# sxx_v1配置(nginx, vagrantfile等)
連結: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z7MfT2pIYMGqq_tBwmfDNA 密碼: 8888
# homestead 官方的7.14.2配置（僅做參考，可以快速增加其他服務，參考scripts裡的指令碼）
連結: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qZ29r3w41PZ2tLDguzULAw 密碼: 9999總結
vagrant 本質還是虛擬機器，不過是通過vagrant快速部署和管理虛擬機器
本教程只是演示了一個配置配置一臺虛擬機器，vagrant通過vagrantfile快速部署分散式虛擬機器
這個不是本教程的目的，具體更多你可以翻閱官方或百度搜索相關教程自行學習原文地址：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015984473