在C#中,Json的序列化和反序列化的幾種方式總結(轉載)
在這篇文章中,我們將會學到如何使用C#,來序列化物件成為Json格式的資料,以及如何反序列化Json資料到物件。
- 什麼是JSON?
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent.
翻譯:Json【javascript物件表示方法】,它是一個輕量級的資料交換格式,我們可以很簡單的來讀取和寫它,並且它很容易被計算機轉化和生成,它是完全獨立於語言的。
Json支援下面兩種資料結構:
- 鍵值對的集合--各種不同的程式語言,都支援這種資料結構;
- 有序的列表型別值的集合--這其中包含陣列,集合,向量,或者序列,等等。
Json有下面幾種表現形式
1.物件
一個沒有順序的“鍵/值”,一個物件以花括號“{”開始,並以花括號"}"結束,在每一個“鍵”的後面,有一個冒號,並且使用逗號來分隔多個鍵值對。例如:
var user = {"name":"Manas","gender":"Male","birthday":"1987-8-8"}
2.陣列
設定值的順序,一個數組以中括號"["開始,並以中括號"]"結束,並且所有的值使用逗號分隔,例如:
var userlist = [{"user":{"name":"Manas","gender":"Male","birthday":"1987-8-8"}},
{"user":{"name":"Mohapatra","Male":"Female","birthday":"1987-7-7"}}]
3.字串
任意數量的Unicode字元,使用引號做標記,並使用反斜槓來分隔。例如:
var userlist = "{\"ID\":1,\"Name\":\"Manas\",\"Address\":\"India\"}"
好了,介紹完JSON,現在說正題,我們事先序列化和反序列化有三種方式:
1.使用JavaScriptSerializer類
2.使用DataContractJsonSerializer類
3.使用JSON.NET類庫
我們先來看看使用 DataContractJsonSerializer的情況
DataContractJsonSerializer類幫助我們序列化和反序列化Json,他在程式集 System.Runtime.Serialization.dll下的System.Runtime.Serialization.Json名稱空間裡。
首先,這裡,我新建一個控制檯的程式,新建一個類Student
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace JsonSerializerAndDeSerializer { [DataContract] public class Student { [DataMember] public int ID { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember] public int Age { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Sex { get; set; } } }
注意:上面的Student實體中的契約 [DataMember],[DataContract],是使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化和反序列化必須要加的,對於其他兩種方式不必加,也可以的。
我們程式的程式碼:
要先引用程式集,在引入這個名稱空間
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //使用DataContractJsonSerializer方式需要引入的名稱空間,在System.Runtime.Serialization.dll.中 using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 1.DataContractJsonSerializer方式序列化和反序列化 Student stu = new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "曹操", Sex = "男", Age = 1000 }; //序列化 DataContractJsonSerializer js = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Student)); MemoryStream msObj = new MemoryStream(); //將序列化之後的Json格式資料寫入流中 js.WriteObject(msObj, stu); msObj.Position = 0; //從0這個位置開始讀取流中的資料 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(msObj, Encoding.UTF8); string json = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); msObj.Close(); Console.WriteLine(json); //反序列化 string toDes = json; //string to = "{\"ID\":\"1\",\"Name\":\"曹操\",\"Sex\":\"男\",\"Age\":\"1230\"}"; using (var ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(toDes))) { DataContractJsonSerializer deseralizer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Student)); Student model = (Student)deseralizer.ReadObject(ms);// //反序列化ReadObject Console.WriteLine("ID=" + model.ID); Console.WriteLine("Name=" + model.Name); Console.WriteLine("Age=" + model.Age); Console.WriteLine("Sex=" + model.Sex); } Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
執行之後結果是:
再看看使用JavaScriptJsonSerializer的情況:
JavaScriptSerializer is a class which helps to serialize and deserialize JSON. It is present in namespace System.Web.Script.Serialization which is available in assembly System.Web.Extensions.dll. To serialize a .Net object to JSON string use Serialize method. It's possible to deserialize JSON string to .Net object using Deserialize<T> or DeserializeObject methods. Let's see how to implement serialization and deserialization using JavaScriptSerializer.
這裡要先引用
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //使用JavaScriptSerializer方式需要引入的名稱空間,這個在程式集System.Web.Extensions.dll.中 using System.Web.Script.Serialization; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 2.JavaScriptSerializer方式實現序列化和反序列化 Student stu = new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "關羽", Age = 2000, Sex = "男" }; JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer(); string jsonData = js.Serialize(stu);//序列化 Console.WriteLine(jsonData); ////反序列化方式一: string desJson = jsonData; //Student model = js.Deserialize<Student>(desJson);// //反序列化 //string message = string.Format("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2},Sex={3}", model.ID, model.Name, model.Age, model.Sex); //Console.WriteLine(message); //Console.ReadKey(); ////反序列化方式2 dynamic modelDy = js.Deserialize<dynamic>(desJson); //反序列化 string messageDy = string.Format("動態的反序列化,ID={0},Name={1},Age={2},Sex={3}", modelDy["ID"], modelDy["Name"], modelDy["Age"], modelDy["Sex"]);//這裡要使用索引取值,不能使用物件.屬性 Console.WriteLine(messageDy); Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
結果是:
最後看看使用JSON.NET的情況,引入類庫:
下面的英文,看不懂可略過。。。
Json.NET is a third party library which helps conversion between JSON text and .NET object using the JsonSerializer. The JsonSerializer converts .NET objects into their JSON equivalent text and back again by mapping the .NET object property names to the JSON property names. It is open source software and free for commercial purposes.
The following are some awesome【極好的】 features,
- Flexible JSON serializer for converting between .NET objects and JSON.
- LINQ to JSON for manually reading and writing JSON.
- High performance, faster than .NET's built-in【內嵌】 JSON serializers.
- Easy to read JSON.
- Convert JSON to and from XML.
- Supports .NET 2, .NET 3.5, .NET 4, Silverlight and Windows Phone.
Let’s start learning how to install and implement:
In Visual Studio, go to Tools Menu -> Choose Library Package Manger -> Package Manager Console. It opens a command window where we need to put the following command to install Newtonsoft.Json.
Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json
OR
In Visual Studio, Tools menu -> Manage Nuget Package Manger Solution and type “JSON.NET” to search it online. Here's the figure,
//使用Json.NET類庫需要引入的名稱空間 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- using Newtonsoft.Json; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#region 3.Json.NET序列化 List<Student> lstStuModel = new List<Student>() { new Student(){ID=1,Name="張飛",Age=250,Sex="男"}, new Student(){ID=2,Name="潘金蓮",Age=300,Sex="女"} }; //Json.NET序列化 string jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(lstStuModel); Console.WriteLine(jsonData); Console.ReadKey(); //Json.NET反序列化 string json = @"{ 'Name':'C#','Age':'3000','ID':'1','Sex':'女'}"; Student descJsonStu = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Student>(json);//反序列化 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("反序列化: ID={0},Name={1},Sex={2},Sex={3}", descJsonStu.ID, descJsonStu.Name, descJsonStu.Age, descJsonStu.Sex)); Console.ReadKey(); #endregion
執行之後,結果是:
總結:最後還是儘量使用JSON.NET來序列化和反序列化,效能好。
In this article we discussed about how many ways we can implement serialization/deserialization in C#. However JSON.NET wins over other implementations because it facilitates more functionality of JSON validation, JSON schema, LINQ to JSON etc. So use JSON.NET always.