現象描述

在開發過程中，遇到一種情況，當某種條件下才建立beanA，而這個beanA恰好又被另外一個beanB引用了，當beanA為null的時候beanB初始化失敗,程式碼如下

    @Autowired
	private ProducerBean producer;

丟擲異常如下：

nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'aliMqService': 

Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'producer'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 

'com.aliyun.openservices.ons.api.bean.ProducerBean' available: expected at least 1 bean 

which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
 

解決方式比較簡單

檢視原始碼@Autowired中有個required屬性，設定為false，就不會報錯了

原理分析
 

先找到原始碼路徑

Autowired.class對應著AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class

預設required為true

public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter
		implements MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered, BeanFactoryAware {

	protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

	private final Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes =
			new LinkedHashSet<Class<? extends Annotation>>();

	private String requiredParameterName = "required";
   
	private boolean requiredParameterValue = true;
    
	private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 2;

    // bean工廠類
	private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;

	private final Set<String> lookupMethodsChecked =
			Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>(256));

	private final Map<Class<?>, Constructor<?>[]> candidateConstructorsCache =
			new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Constructor<?>[]>(256);

	private final Map<String, InjectionMetadata> injectionMetadataCache =
			new ConcurrentHashMap<String, InjectionMetadata>(256);

    // 建構函式
	/**
	 * Create a new AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
	 * for Spring's standard {@link Autowired} annotation.
	 * <p>Also supports JSR-330's {@link javax.inject.Inject} annotation, if available.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
		try {
			this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
					ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
			logger.info("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
		}
	}

    // 在constructors, fields，settter方法，屬性配置方法 上設定 ‘autowired’
	/**
	 * Set the 'autowired' annotation type, to be used on constructors, fields,
	 * setter methods and arbitrary config methods.
	 * <p>The default autowired annotation type is the Spring-provided
	 * {@link Autowired} annotation, as well as {@link Value}.
	 * <p>This setter property exists so that developers can provide their own
	 * (non-Spring-specific) annotation type to indicate that a member is
	 * supposed to be autowired.
	 */
	public void setAutowiredAnnotationType(Class<? extends Annotation> autowiredAnnotationType) {
		Assert.notNull(autowiredAnnotationType, "'autowiredAnnotationType' must not be null");
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.clear();
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(autowiredAnnotationType);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the 'autowired' annotation types, to be used on constructors, fields,
	 * setter methods and arbitrary config methods.
	 * <p>The default autowired annotation type is the Spring-provided
	 * {@link Autowired} annotation, as well as {@link Value}.
	 * <p>This setter property exists so that developers can provide their own
	 * (non-Spring-specific) annotation types to indicate that a member is
	 * supposed to be autowired.
	 */
	public void setAutowiredAnnotationTypes(Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
		Assert.notEmpty(autowiredAnnotationTypes, "'autowiredAnnotationTypes' must not be empty");
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.clear();
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.addAll(autowiredAnnotationTypes);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the name of a parameter of the annotation that specifies
	 * whether it is required.
	 * @see #setRequiredParameterValue(boolean)
	 */
	public void setRequiredParameterName(String requiredParameterName) {
		this.requiredParameterName = requiredParameterName;
	}

    //設定required 為true 或者false
	/**
	 * Set the boolean value that marks a dependency as required
	 * <p>For example if using 'required=true' (the default),
	 * this value should be {@code true}; but if using
	 * 'optional=false', this value should be {@code false}.
	 * @see #setRequiredParameterName(String)
	 */
	public void setRequiredParameterValue(boolean requiredParameterValue) {
		this.requiredParameterValue = requiredParameterValue;
	}

	public void setOrder(int order) {
		this.order = order;
	}

	@Override
	public int getOrder() {
		return this.order;
	}
    
    // bean工廠類
	@Override
	public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
		if (!(beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor requires a ConfigurableListableBeanFactory: " + beanFactory);
		}
		this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
	}


	@Override
	public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType, String beanName) {
		if (beanType != null) {
			InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
			metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, final String beanName)
			throws BeanCreationException {

		// Let's check for lookup methods here..
		if (!this.lookupMethodsChecked.contains(beanName)) {
			try {
				ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(beanClass, new ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback() {
					@Override
					public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
						Lookup lookup = method.getAnnotation(Lookup.class);
						if (lookup != null) {
							LookupOverride override = new LookupOverride(method, lookup.value());
							try {
								RootBeanDefinition mbd = (RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName);
								mbd.getMethodOverrides().addOverride(override);
							}
							catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
								throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
										"Cannot apply @Lookup to beans without corresponding bean definition");
							}
						}
					}
				});
			}
			catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
				throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Lookup method resolution failed", ex);
			}
			catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
				throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Failed to introspect bean class [" + beanClass.getName() +
						"] for lookup method metadata: could not find class that it depends on", err);
			}
			this.lookupMethodsChecked.add(beanName);
		}

		// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
		Constructor<?>[] candidateConstructors = this.candidateConstructorsCache.get(beanClass);
		if (candidateConstructors == null) {
			// Fully synchronized resolution now...
			synchronized (this.candidateConstructorsCache) {
				candidateConstructors = this.candidateConstructorsCache.get(beanClass);
				if (candidateConstructors == null) {
					Constructor<?>[] rawCandidates;
					try {
						rawCandidates = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
								"Resolution of declared constructors on bean Class [" + beanClass.getName() +
								"] from ClassLoader [" + beanClass.getClassLoader() + "] failed", ex);
					}
					List<Constructor<?>> candidates = new ArrayList<Constructor<?>>(rawCandidates.length);
					Constructor<?> requiredConstructor = null;
					Constructor<?> defaultConstructor = null;
					for (Constructor<?> candidate : rawCandidates) {
						AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(candidate);
						if (ann == null) {
							Class<?> userClass = ClassUtils.getUserClass(beanClass);
							if (userClass != beanClass) {
								try {
									Constructor<?> superCtor =
											userClass.getDeclaredConstructor(candidate.getParameterTypes());
									ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(superCtor);
								}
								catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
									// Simply proceed, no equivalent superclass constructor found...
								}
							}
						}
						if (ann != null) {
							if (requiredConstructor != null) {
								throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
										"Invalid autowire-marked constructor: " + candidate +
										". Found constructor with 'required' Autowired annotation already: " +
										requiredConstructor);
							}
							boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
							if (required) {
								if (!candidates.isEmpty()) {
									throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
											"Invalid autowire-marked constructors: " + candidates +
											". Found constructor with 'required' Autowired annotation: " +
											candidate);
								}
								requiredConstructor = candidate;
							}
							candidates.add(candidate);
						}
						else if (candidate.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
							defaultConstructor = candidate;
						}
					}
					if (!candidates.isEmpty()) {
						// Add default constructor to list of optional constructors, as fallback.
						if (requiredConstructor == null) {
							if (defaultConstructor != null) {
								candidates.add(defaultConstructor);
							}
							else if (candidates.size() == 1 && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
								logger.warn("Inconsistent constructor declaration on bean with name '" + beanName +
										"': single autowire-marked constructor flagged as optional - " +
										"this constructor is effectively required since there is no " +
										"default constructor to fall back to: " + candidates.get(0));
							}
						}
						candidateConstructors = candidates.toArray(new Constructor<?>[candidates.size()]);
					}
					else if (rawCandidates.length == 1 && rawCandidates[0].getParameterTypes().length > 0) {
						candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[] {rawCandidates[0]};
					}
					else {
						candidateConstructors = new Constructor<?>[0];
					}
					this.candidateConstructorsCache.put(beanClass, candidateConstructors);
				}
			}
		}
		return (candidateConstructors.length > 0 ? candidateConstructors : null);
	}

	@Override
	public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(
			PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeanCreationException {

		InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
		try {
			metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
		}
		catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
		}
		return pvs;
	}

	/**
	 * 'Native' processing method for direct calls with an arbitrary target instance,
	 * resolving all of its fields and methods which are annotated with {@code @Autowired}.
	 * @param bean the target instance to process
	 * @throws BeanCreationException if autowiring failed
	 */
	public void processInjection(Object bean) throws BeanCreationException {
		Class<?> clazz = bean.getClass();
		InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(clazz.getName(), clazz, null);
		try {
			metadata.inject(bean, null, null);
		}
		catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(
					"Injection of autowired dependencies failed for class [" + clazz + "]", ex);
		}
	}


	private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, PropertyValues pvs) {
		// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
		String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
		// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
		InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
		if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
			synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
				metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
				if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
					if (metadata != null) {
						metadata.clear(pvs);
					}
					try {
						metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
						this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
					}
					catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
						throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to introspect bean class [" + clazz.getName() +
								"] for autowiring metadata: could not find class that it depends on", err);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return metadata;
	}

	private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
		LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();
		Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

		do {
			final LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements =
					new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();

			ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, new ReflectionUtils.FieldCallback() {
				@Override
				public void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
					AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
					if (ann != null) {
						if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
							if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
								logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
							}
							return;
						}
						boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
						currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
					}
				}
			});

			ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, new ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback() {
				@Override
				public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
					Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
					if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
						return;
					}
					AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
					if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
						if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
							if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
								logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
							}
							return;
						}
						if (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
							if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
								logger.warn("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
										method);
							}
						}
						boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
						PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
						currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
					}
				}
			});

			elements.addAll(0, currElements);
			targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		}
		while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

		return new InjectionMetadata(clazz, elements);
	}

	private AnnotationAttributes findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {
		if (ao.getAnnotations().length > 0) {
			for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
				AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotationAttributes(ao, type);
				if (attributes != null) {
					return attributes;
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine if the annotated field or method requires its dependency.
	 * <p>A 'required' dependency means that autowiring should fail when no beans
	 * are found. Otherwise, the autowiring process will simply bypass the field
	 * or method when no beans are found.
	 * @param ann the Autowired annotation
	 * @return whether the annotation indicates that a dependency is required
	 */
	protected boolean determineRequiredStatus(AnnotationAttributes ann) {
		return (!ann.containsKey(this.requiredParameterName) ||
				this.requiredParameterValue == ann.getBoolean(this.requiredParameterName));
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain all beans of the given type as autowire candidates.
	 * @param type the type of the bean
	 * @return the target beans, or an empty Collection if no bean of this type is found
	 * @throws BeansException if bean retrieval failed
	 */
	protected <T> Map<String, T> findAutowireCandidates(Class<T> type) throws BeansException {
		if (this.beanFactory == null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("No BeanFactory configured - " +
					"override the getBeanOfType method or specify the 'beanFactory' property");
		}
		return BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(this.beanFactory, type);
	}

	/**
	 * Register the specified bean as dependent on the autowired beans.
	 */
	private void registerDependentBeans(String beanName, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
		if (beanName != null) {
			for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
				if (this.beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
					this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
				}
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName +
							"' to bean named '" + autowiredBeanName + "'");
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Resolve the specified cached method argument or field value.
	 */
	private Object resolvedCachedArgument(String beanName, Object cachedArgument) {
		if (cachedArgument instanceof DependencyDescriptor) {
			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = (DependencyDescriptor) cachedArgument;
			return this.beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, beanName, null, null);
		}
		else {
			return cachedArgument;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Class representing injection information about an annotated field.
	 */
	private class AutowiredFieldElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

		private final boolean required;

		private volatile boolean cached = false;

		private volatile Object cachedFieldValue;

		public AutowiredFieldElement(Field field, boolean required) {
			super(field, null);
			this.required = required;
		}

		@Override
		protected void inject(Object bean, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
			Field field = (Field) this.member;
			Object value;
			if (this.cached) {
				value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
			}
			else {
				DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
				desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
				Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<String>(1);
				TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
				try {
					value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
				}
				catch (BeansException ex) {
					throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
				}
				synchronized (this) {
					if (!this.cached) {
						if (value != null || this.required) {
							this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
							registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
							if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
								String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
								if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
									if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
										this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
												desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
									}
								}
							}
						}
						else {
							this.cachedFieldValue = null;
						}
						this.cached = true;
					}
				}
			}
			if (value != null) {
				ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
				field.set(bean, value);
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Class representing injection information about an annotated method.
	 */
	private class AutowiredMethodElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

		private final boolean required;

		private volatile boolean cached = false;

		private volatile Object[] cachedMethodArguments;

		public AutowiredMethodElement(Method method, boolean required, PropertyDescriptor pd) {
			super(method, pd);
			this.required = required;
		}

		@Override
		protected void inject(Object bean, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
			if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
				return;
			}
			Method method = (Method) this.member;
			Object[] arguments;
			if (this.cached) {
				// Shortcut for avoiding synchronization...
				arguments = resolveCachedArguments(beanName);
			}
			else {
				Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
				arguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
				DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[paramTypes.length];
				Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(paramTypes.length);
				TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
				for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
					MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(method, i);
					DependencyDescriptor currDesc = new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, this.required);
					currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
					descriptors[i] = currDesc;
					try {
						Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans, typeConverter);
						if (arg == null && !this.required) {
							arguments = null;
							break;
						}
						arguments[i] = arg;
					}
					catch (BeansException ex) {
						throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam), ex);
					}
				}
				synchronized (this) {
					if (!this.cached) {
						if (arguments != null) {
							this.cachedMethodArguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
							for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
								this.cachedMethodArguments[i] = descriptors[i];
							}
							registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeans);
							if (autowiredBeans.size() == paramTypes.length) {
								Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeans.iterator();
								for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
									String autowiredBeanName = it.next();
									if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
										if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i])) {
											this.cachedMethodArguments[i] = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
													descriptors[i], autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i]);
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}
						else {
							this.cachedMethodArguments = null;
						}
						this.cached = true;
					}
				}
			}
			if (arguments != null) {
				try {
					ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
					method.invoke(bean, arguments);
				}
				catch (InvocationTargetException ex){
					throw ex.getTargetException();
				}
			}
		}

		private Object[] resolveCachedArguments(String beanName) {
			if (this.cachedMethodArguments == null) {
				return null;
			}
			Object[] arguments = new Object[this.cachedMethodArguments.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
				arguments[i] = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedMethodArguments[i]);
			}
			return arguments;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * DependencyDescriptor variant with a pre-resolved target bean name.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
	private static class ShortcutDependencyDescriptor extends DependencyDescriptor {

		private final String shortcut;

		private final Class<?> requiredType;

		public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original, String shortcut, Class<?> requiredType) {
			super(original);
			this.shortcut = shortcut;
			this.requiredType = requiredType;
		}

		@Override
		public Object resolveShortcut(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
			return resolveCandidate(this.shortcut, this.requiredType, beanFactory);
		}
	}

}