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MATLAB 距離計算_黑白_新浪部落格
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_57235cc70100jjf8.html

判別分析時，通常涉及到計算兩個樣本之間的距離，多元統計學理論中有多種距離計算公式。MATLAB中已有對應函式，可方便直接呼叫計算。距離函式有：pdist, pdist2, mahal, squareform, mdscale, cmdscale

 主要介紹pdist2 ,其它可參考matlab help

D = pdist2(X,Y)
D = pdist2(X,Y,distance)
D = pdist2(X,Y,'minkowski',P)
D = pdist2(X,Y,'mahalanobis',C)
D = pdist2(X,Y,distance,'Smallest',K)
D = pdist2(X,Y,distance,'Largest',K)
[D,I] = pdist2(X,Y,distance,'Smallest',K)
[D,I] = pdist2(X,Y,distance,'Largest',K)

練習：

2種計算方式，一種直接利用pdist計算，另一種按公式（見最後理論）直接計算。

% distance

clc;clear;
x = rand(4,3)
y = rand(1,3)

for i =1:size(x,1)
    for j =1:size(y,1)
        a = x(i,:); b=y(j,:);
       
%         Euclidean distance
        d1(i,j)=sqrt((a-b)*(a-b)');
       
%         Standardized Euclidean distance
        V = diag(1./std(x).^2);
        d2(i,j)=sqrt((a-b)*V*(a-b)');
       
%         Mahalanobis distance
        C = cov(x);
        d3(i,j)=sqrt((a-b)*pinv(C)*(a-b)');
       
%         City block metric
        d4(i,j)=sum(abs(a-b));
       
%         Minkowski metric
        p=3;
        d5(i,j)=(sum(abs(a-b).^p))^(1/p);
       
%         Chebychev distance
        d6(i,j)=max(abs(a-b));
       
%         Cosine distance
        d7(i,j)=1-(a*b')/sqrt(a*a'*b*b');
       
%         Correlation distance
        ac = a-mean(a); bc = b-mean(b);       
        d8(i,j)=1- ac*bc'/(sqrt(sum(ac.^2))*sqrt(sum(bc.^2)));

    end
end

md1 = pdist2(x,y,'Euclidean');

md2 = pdist2(x,y,'seuclidean');

md3 = pdist2(x,y,'mahalanobis');

md4 = pdist2(x,y,'cityblock');

md5 = pdist2(x,y,'minkowski',p);

md6 = pdist2(x,y,'chebychev');

md7 = pdist2(x,y,'cosine');

md8 = pdist2(x,y,'correlation');

md9 = pdist2(x,y,'hamming');

md10 = pdist2(x,y,'jaccard');
md11 = pdist2(x,y,'spearman');

D1=[d1,md1],D2=[d2,md2],D3=[d3,md3]

D4=[d4,md4],D5=[d5,md5],D6=[d6,md6]

D7=[d7,md7],D8=[d8,md8]

md9,md10,md11

執行結果如下：

x =

    0.5225    0.6382    0.6837
    0.3972    0.5454    0.2888
    0.8135    0.0440    0.0690
    0.6608    0.5943    0.8384

y =

    0.5898    0.7848    0.4977

D1 =

    0.2462    0.2462
    0.3716    0.3716
    0.8848    0.8848
    0.3967    0.3967

D2 =

    0.8355    0.8355
    1.5003    1.5003
    3.1915    3.1915
    1.2483    1.2483

D3 =

  439.5074  439.5074
  437.5606  437.5606
  438.3339  438.3339
  437.2702  437.2702

D4 =

    0.3999    0.3999
    0.6410    0.6410
    1.3934    1.3934
    0.6021    0.6021

D5 =

    0.2147    0.2147
    0.3107    0.3107
    0.7919    0.7919
    0.3603    0.3603

D6 =

    0.1860    0.1860
    0.2395    0.2395
    0.7409    0.7409
    0.3406    0.3406

D7 =

    0.0253    0.0253
    0.0022    0.0022
    0.3904    0.3904
    0.0531    0.0531

D8 =

    1.0731    1.0731
    0.0066    0.0066
    1.2308    1.2308
    1.8954    1.8954

md9 =

     1
     1
     1
     1

md10 =

     1
     1
     1
     1

md11 =

    1.5000
    0.0000
    1.5000
    2.0000

 基本理論公式如下：