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Python Tornado Nginx搭建和使用

Python Tornado Nginx搭建和使用

先說主流程

我用的伺服器是CentOS,騰訊雲

uname -a
Linux VM_0_11_centos 3.10.0-862.11.6.el7.x86_64

1.先通過pip安裝Python Tornado

sudo pip install tornado

2.將網站上傳到伺服器

通過scp就可以上傳了,通過下面的命令就會將你的網站的檔案都上傳到伺服器的目錄 /var/www/testsite

scp -r testsite [email protected]

_server_ip:/var/www/testsite

3.安裝supervisor用來管理程式

sudo pip install supervisor
supervisord -v #檢視版本,輸出為3.3.4

4.通過yum安裝Nginx,然後給Nginx配置

sudo yum install nginx
nginx -v # 檢視版本,輸出為nginx version: nginx/1.12.2

一般網站的檔案放在目錄 /var/www/

假如,我們不使用nginx,在啟動supervisor來監管我們的網站程式時也是可以。那可以在終端上登入伺服器,然後通過curl

http://127.0.0.1:8000 來訪問。加上nginx服務時我們通過外網訪問我們的網站了。因為supervisor僅僅是用來管理我們的應用程式程序的,它並不負責對外開放任何服務。

看下關係圖

在這裡插入圖片描述

然後配置網站程序的監管配置

先生成一個配置檔案

echo_supervisord_conf > supervisord.conf

用vi開啟編輯,滑動到最底部,修改 files = relative/directory/*.inifiles = /etc/supervisor/*.conf ,並且取消前面的分號註釋

vi supervisord.conf

按ESC + :wq 儲存退出
然後將 supervisord.conf 檔案挪到目錄 /etc/ 目錄下

sudo mv supervisord.conf /etc/

然後新增網站的程序配置,在 /etc/ 下新建一個目錄 supervisor,然後在 /etc/supervisor/ 目錄下,新建一個配置檔案 tornado.conf 。這個檔案會被上面修改的那個配置檔案(/etc/supervisord.conf)所讀取。
tornado.confg 檔案內容如下

[group:tornadoes]
programs=tornado-8000,tornado-8001,tornado-8002,tornado-8003 

[program:tornado-8000]
command=/home/centos/myenvpy3/bin/python3 /var/www/testsite/main.py --port=8000
directory=/var/www/testsite
user=root
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/www/testsite/tornado.log
loglevel=info 

[program:tornado-8001]
command=/home/centos/myenvpy3/bin/python3 /var/www/testsite/main.py --port=8001
directory=/var/www/testsite
user=root
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/www/testsite/tornado.log
loglevel=info 

[program:tornado-8002]
command=/home/centos/myenvpy3/bin/python3 /var/www/testsite/main.py --port=8002
directory=/var/www/testsite
user=root
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/www/testsite/tornado.log
loglevel=info 

[program:tornado-8003]
command=/home/centos/myenvpy3/bin/python3 /var/www/testsite/main.py --port=8003
directory=/var/www/testsite
user=root
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/www/testsite/tornado.log
loglevel=info 

其中command配置說明:
/home/centos/myenvpy3/bin/python3 表示要執行的python
/var/www/testsite/main.py --port=8000 表示你的網站主啟動檔案和指定啟動埠

啟動網站程序的監管程式

supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

檢視程序

ps aux | grep supervisord

檢視監管的網站程序狀態

supervisorctl status

輸出是

tornadoes:tornado-8000           RUNNING   pid 6705, uptime 0:35:29
tornadoes:tornado-8001           RUNNING   pid 6706, uptime 0:35:29
tornadoes:tornado-8002           RUNNING   pid 6707, uptime 0:35:29
tornadoes:tornado-8003           RUNNING   pid 6708, uptime 0:35:29

更多的命令,可以看這裡
常用的命令如下

sudo supervisorctl reread # 重新讀取
sudo supervisorctl reload # 重新載入
sudo supervisorctl status # 檢視狀態

supervisorctl status # 檢視程式狀態
stop tornadoes:* # 關閉 tornadoes組 程式
start tornadoes:* # 啟動 tornadoes組 程式
restart tornadoes:* # 重啟 tornadoes組 程式
update # 重啟配置檔案修改過的程式

在伺服器上訪問網站

curl http://127.0.0.1:8000
curl http://127.0.0.1:8001
curl http://127.0.0.1:8002
curl http://127.0.0.1:8003

以上四個連線都可以訪問你的網站

Nginx的配置

nginx 安裝完後,會在/etc/目錄下多一個nginx目錄,在該 nginx 目錄下,有一個 nginx.conf 檔案,我們對它進行編輯

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

檔案要修改和新增的是

    upstream tornadoes {
        server 127.0.0.1:8000;
        server 127.0.0.1:8001;
        server 127.0.0.1:8002;
        server 127.0.0.1:8003;
    }

第二處

        location /static {
            root /var/www/testsite;
            if ($query_string) {
                expires max;
            }        
        }

        location / {        
            proxy_pass_header Server;        
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;        
            proxy_redirect off;        
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        
            proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;  # 協議 http https        
            proxy_pass http://tornadoes;
        }

完整的檔案如下:

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 
    upstream tornadoes {
        server 127.0.0.1:8000;
        server 127.0.0.1:8001;
        server 127.0.0.1:8002;
        server 127.0.0.1:8003;
    }


    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location /static {
            root /var/www/testsite;
            if ($query_string) {
                expires max;
            }        
        }

        location / {        
            proxy_pass_header Server;        
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;        
            proxy_redirect off;        
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        
            proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;  # 協議 http https        
            proxy_pass http://tornadoes;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        location / {
#        }
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}

儲存,退出

然後啟動nginx

Nginx的命令

service nginx start # 啟動
service nginx stop # 停止
service nginx restart # 重啟
sudo nginx -s reload # 重啟

此時在你的客戶端電腦上就可以訪問你剛配置的網站了,訪問地址是:
你的伺服器ip,屬於http訪問。如下圖所示
在這裡插入圖片描述

Nginx官方指導:
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/full/
另一個指導:
https://www.linode.com/docs/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-nginx/

如果發現nginx啟動不了,顯示nginx Address already in use

解決方案是:
1.檢視80埠和443埠誰在用

sudo netstat -tulpn

2.關閉80和443埠

sudo fuser -k 80/tcp
sudo fuser -k 443/tcp

3.重啟nginx

sudo service nginx restart

安裝和配置參考:
https://blog.csdn.net/tichimi3375/article/details/82153171

Nginx無法啟動的參考:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35868976/nginx-not-started-and-cant-start