Docker(二) docker-machine和docker-compose
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-08
docker images
docker container
單個應用程式 --非叢集
Docker machine
docker machine是一個便於在多平臺上部署Docker的一個工具；多平臺比如：
- Amazon Web Services
- Microsoft Azure
- Digital Ocean
- Exoscale
- Google Compute Engine
- Generic
- Microsoft Hyper-V
- OpenStack
- Rackspace
- IBM Softlayer
- Oracle VirtualBox
- VMware vCloud Air
- VMware Fusion
- VMware vSphere
- VMware Workstation(plugin)
install docker-machine
$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.13.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine && chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine && sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
Configure Script
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; doneA demo
docker-machine create -d virtualbox local
docker-machine create --driver generic --generic-ip-address 10.0.0.4 vm02
docker machine預設使用的作業系統
docker machine的新特性
Docker machine的provider
- 常見的linux系統
- 虛擬化平臺-virtualbox,vmware,hyper-v
- openstack
- Amazon web services,Microsoft Azure,Google computer Engine,Digital Ocean等
安裝docker machine
curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.13.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine &&
chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine安裝bash completion指令碼
- 手動下載位置
- 自動下載
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; done安裝virtualbox
Virtualbox package download url
# 下載deb安裝包安裝
# 注意：如果你是在vmware上做的實驗,請開啟虛擬化Inter-VT/AMD-VDocker-machine命令使用
Usage: docker-machine [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
Create and manage machines running Docker.
Version: 0.13.0, build 9ba6da9
Author:
Docker Machine Contributors - <https://github.com/docker/machine>
Options:
--debug, -D Enable debug mode
--storage-path, -s "/root/.docker/machine" Configures storage path [$MACHINE_STORAGE_PATH]
--tls-ca-cert CA to verify remotes against [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_CERT]
--tls-ca-key Private key to generate certificates [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_KEY]
--tls-client-cert Client cert to use for TLS [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT]
--tls-client-key Private key used in client TLS auth [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY]
--github-api-token Token to use for requests to the Github API [$MACHINE_GITHUB_API_TOKEN]
--native-ssh Use the native (Go-based) SSH implementation. [$MACHINE_NATIVE_SSH]
--bugsnag-api-token BugSnag API token for crash reporting [$MACHINE_BUGSNAG_API_TOKEN]
--help, -h show help
--version, -v print the version
Commands:
active Print which machine is active
config Print the connection config for machine
create Create a machine
env Display the commands to set up the environment for the Docker client
inspect Inspect information about a machine
ip Get the IP address of a machine
kill Kill a machine
ls List machines
provision Re-provision existing machines
regenerate-certs Regenerate TLS Certificates for a machine
restart Restart a machine
rm Remove a machine
ssh Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH.
scp Copy files between machines
mount Mount or unmount a directory from a machine with SSHFS.
start Start a machine
status Get the status of a machine
stop Stop a machine
upgrade Upgrade a machine to the latest version of Docker
url Get the URL of a machine
version Show the Docker Machine version or a machine docker version
help Shows a list of commands or help for one command參考連結
Docker compose
docker compose就是通過yml檔案來定義和執行多個容器docker應用程式的工具,三步過程就能跑起一個compose:
- 定義應用程式的環境(yml中)
- 定義組成應用程式的服務(docker-compose.yml)
docker-compose up啟動整個應用程式
安裝docker compose
依賴：docker engine
# download the latest version
sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# excutable
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# check version
docker-compose --versiondocker compose
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
Usage:
docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate Compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
--verbose Show more output
--no-ansi Do not print ANSI control characters
-v, --version Print version and exit
-H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
--skip-hostname-check Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified
in the client certificate (for example if your docker host
is an IP address)
--project-directory PATH Specify an alternate working directory
(default: the path of the Compose file)
build Build or rebuild services
bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
config Validate and view the compose file
create Create services
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
events Receive real time events from containers
exec Execute a command in a running container
help Get help on a command
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pulls service images
push Push service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
version Show the Docker-Compose version information6.3 create a demo
- Create a directory for the project
- create application
- Create another file called requirements.txt in your project directory and paste this in
- Create a Dockerfile
- Define services in a Compose file (docker-compose.yml)
- Build and run your app with Compose
- access your application
6.4 deploy wordpress with docker-compose
version: '3'
services:
db:
image: mysql:5.7
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/mysql
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpasswd
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: marion
MYSQL_PASSWORD: marionpasswd
wordpress:
depends_on:
- db
image: wordpress:latest
ports:
- "8000:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: marion
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: marionpasswd
volumes:
db_data:docker compose ref link
- docker-compose user guide
- composefile Formate
- docker-compose overview
- 關於docker-compose的一些資料可以通過以上鍊接進行搜尋
- docker-compose github
- compose and wordpress
docker service
分散式負載均衡服務方式,定義了服務在叢集中是怎麼執行的
docker swarm
- docker daemon port(2376)
- docker swarm manager port(2377)
# install docker-machine
# 如果是在虛擬機器中使用virtualbox,請開啟虛擬化模式
docker-machine create \
--driver virtualbox \
--virtualbox-boot2docker-url file:///home/marion/boot2docker-v17.09.1-ce.iso \
manager
# docker-machine在建立docker host時會下載預設最新版本的boot2docker,但是因為網路會下載很慢甚至報錯,因此先下載到本地
docker-machine create \
--driver virtualbox \
--virtualbox-boot2docker-url file:///home/marion/boot2docker-v17.09.1-ce.iso \
worker
# 檢視docker host分配的資訊
[email protected]:~# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
manager - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v17.09.1-ce
worker - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 v17.09.1-ce
# 將manager節點啟用叢集管理模式,設定當前的manager為叢集管理器
docker-machine ssh manager "docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.100"
# 初始化後會返回新增node的命令
# 新增worker加入swarm
[email protected]:~# docker-machine ssh worker "docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-2kcyacweb1kno0szfjrjob5ao2v8ie0k428riedz042hnzwhmq-7eegju6j34jisuhqbq9pet3mk 192.168.99.100:2377"
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
[email protected]:~#
# 在manager上檢視swarm中的節點
[email protected]:~# docker-machine ssh manager "docker node ls"
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS
p0fmsvxbpptktwwjjey7hzfat * manager Ready Active Leader
i8ef198m02bowqkx99nisgsjc worker Ready Active
# 配置你的docker-machine shell終端
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; done
# 檢視docker host的環境變數配置
docker-machine env manager
# Run this command to configure your shell
eval $(docker-machine env manager)
# 檢視處在Active狀態的docker host(有星號提示)
[email protected]ckermaster:~# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
manager * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v17.09.1-ce
worker - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 v17.09.1-ce
[email protected]:~# docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yaml managertest
Creating network managertest_webnet
Creating service managertest_web
[email protected]:~# docker stack ps managertest
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
kno7kg5g2eil managertest_web.1 nginx manager Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
kzu28xbn6th6 managertest_web.2 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
706xagf904f2 managertest_web.3 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
6phm8f6c9n2p managertest_web.4 nginx manager Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
3ee4hhlspmme managertest_web.5 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
[email protected]:~# eval $(docker-machine env -u)
[email protected]:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a7ea6e30b068 grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 6 hours ago Up 39 minutes 3000/tcp grafana1
a31b65a7fd4d prom/node-exporter:latest "/bin/node_exporter" 18 hours ago Up 39 minutes 9100/tcp monitoring_node_exporter
7c8311be2b4f grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 18 hours ago Up 39 minutes 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp grafana
[email protected]:~# eval $(docker-machine env worker)
[email protected]:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
73745f698d12 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.2.kzu28xbn6th6c7dxnotn7f90v
99c0c638629f nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.3.706xagf904f2j97tlwy2kkh1o
67dc57a4278e nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.5.3ee4hhlspmmef8ksdstb92drd
[email protected]:~# eval $(docker-machine env manager)
[email protected]:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ca0c1899c55 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.1.kno7kg5g2eilylcybo642493k
354e61f3665b nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.4.6phm8f6c9n2pb9811ud6e7wmp
[email protected]:~# curl -I http://192.168.99.100
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.7
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 08:32:24 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Nov 2017 14:28:04 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5a1437f4-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[email protected]:~# curl -I http://192.168.99.101
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.7
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 08:32:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Nov 2017 14:28:04 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5a1437f4-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
# 增加副本或者減少副本,執行修改docker-compose.yaml檔案
vim docker-compose.yaml(replicats:3)
eval $(docker-machine env manager)
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yaml managertest
docker ps
[email protected]:~# docker service ps managertest_web
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
706xagf904f2 managertest_web.3 nginx worker Running Running 14 minutes ago
6phm8f6c9n2p managertest_web.4 nginx manager Running Running 15 minutes ago
3ee4hhlspmme managertest_web.5 nginx worker Running Running 14 minutes ago
docker stack ls # List stacks or apps
docker stack deploy -c <composefile> <appname> # Run the specified Compose file
docker service ls # List running services associated with an app
docker service ps <service> # List tasks associated with an app
docker inspect <task or container> # Inspect task or container
docker container ls -q # List container IDs
docker stack rm <appname> # Tear down an application
docker swarm leave --force # Take down a single node swarm from the manager