PYTHON-基礎-時間日期處理小結

• Python-基礎-時間日期處理小結
  • 涉及物件
    • 1. datetime
    • 2. timestamp
    • 3. time tuple
    • 4. string
    • 5. date
  • datetime基本操作
    • 1. 獲取當前datetime
    • 2. 獲取當天date
    • 3. 獲取明天/前N天
    • 4. 獲取當天開始和結束時間(00:00:00 23:59:59)
    • 5. 獲取兩個datetime的時間差
    • 6. 獲取本週/本月/上月最後一天
  • 關係轉換
  • 關係轉換例子
    • datetime <=> string
    • datetime <=> timetuple
    • datetime <=> date
    • datetime <=> timestamp

好久沒寫文了, 繼續清理筆記, 都是一些小結之類的, 原始碼分析以及在做系統中一些細節難點等, 後續逐步發

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      _       _       _   _
     | |     | |     | | (_)
   __| | __ _| |_ ___| |_ _ _ __ ___   ___
  / _` |/ _` | __/ _ \ __| | '_ ` _ \ / _ \
 | (_| | (_| | ||  __/ |_| | | | | | |  __/
  \__,_|\__,_|\__\___|\__|_|_| |_| |_|\___|

原則, 以datetime為中心, 起點或中轉, 轉化為目標物件, 涵蓋了大多數業務場景中需要的日期轉換處理

步驟:

1. 掌握幾種物件及其關係
2. 瞭解每類物件的基本操作方法
3. 通過轉化關係轉化

涉及物件

1. datetime

>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> now
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118)
>>> type(now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>

2. timestamp

>>> import time
>>> time.time()
1421075455.568243

3. time tuple

>>> import time
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)

4. string

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

5. date

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

datetime基本操作

1. 獲取當前datetime

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)

2. 獲取當天date

>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

3. 獲取明天/前N天

明天

>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)

三天前

>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226)
>>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)

4. 獲取當天開始和結束時間(00:00:00 23:59:59)

>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)

5. 獲取兩個datetime的時間差

>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075

6. 獲取本週/本月/上月最後一天

本週

>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> today
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
>>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
>>> sunday
datetime.date(2015, 1, 18)

本月

>>> import calendar
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month)
>>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num)
>>> last_day
datetime.date(2015, 1, 31)

獲取上個月的最後一天(可能跨年)

>>> import datetime
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)
>>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

關係轉換

幾個關係之間的轉化

Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple

關係轉換例子

datetime <=> string

datetime -> string

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

string -> datetime

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31, 18, 20, 10)

datetime <=> timetuple

datetime -> timetuple

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=17, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=-1)

timetuple -> datetime

timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看後面datetime<=>timestamp]

datetime <=> date

datetime -> date

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

date -> datetime

>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time())
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)

datetime <=> timestamp

datetime -> timestamp

>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple())
>>> timestamp
1421077403.0

timestamp -> datetime

>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 43, 23)

本文轉載自：http://www.wklken.me/posts/2015/03/03/python-base-datetime.html