urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)>

發生了這樣的錯誤，但是在Windows10下就不會發生，查到了一許流星的部落格，發現可以這樣解決，但是隻是解決問題，並沒有理解問題發生的原因

在他部落格中

可能原因分析：

Python 2.7.9 之後引入了一個新特性
當你urllib.urlopen一個 https 的時候會驗證一次 SSL 證書 
當目標使用的是自簽名的證書時就會爆出一個 
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate 
verify failed 		(_ssl.c:581)> 的錯誤訊息
 

處理方式如下：

import ssl
 
# This restores the same behavior as before.
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
response = urllib.request.urlopen("https://no-valid-cert", context=context)

如此這樣那我在網上copy的程式碼(爬去熊貓TV英雄聯盟的主播rank)就可以完美執行

import re
from urllib import request
import ssl

context = ssl._create_unverified_context()


class Spider():
    # 匹配所有字元 [\s\S]*? 非貪婪
    url = 'https://www.panda.tv/cate/lol'
    root_pattern = '<div class="video-info">([\w\W]*?)</div>'
    name_pattern = '</i>([\w\W]*?)</span>'
    number_pattern = '<span class="video-number">([\w\W]*?)</span>'

    def __fetch_content(self):

        r = request.urlopen(Spider.url, context=context)
        # 位元組碼
        htmls = r.read()
        htmls = str(htmls, encoding='utf-8')

        return htmls

    def __analysis(self, htmls):
        root_html = re.findall(Spider.root_pattern, htmls)

        anchors = []
        for html in root_html:
            name = re.findall(Spider.name_pattern, html)
            number = re.findall(Spider.number_pattern, html)
            anchor = {'name': name, 'number': number}
            anchors.append(anchor)
        return anchors

    def __refine(self, anchors):

        # 匿名函式lambda
        l = lambda anchor: {'name': anchor['name'][0].strip(), 'number': anchor['number'][0]}
        return map(l, anchors)

    def __sort(self, anchors):

        # 預設增序
        anchors = sorted(anchors, key=self.__sort_seed, reverse=True)

        return anchors

    def __sort_seed(self, anchor):
        r = re.findall('\d*', anchor['number'])
        number = float(r[0])
        if '萬' in anchor['number']:
            number *= 10000

        return number

    def __show(self, anchors):
        for rank in range(0, len(anchors)):
            print('rank' + str(rank + 1) + ':' + anchors[rank]['name'] + ' ' + anchors[rank]['number'])

    def go(self):
        htmls = self.__fetch_content()
        anchors = self.__analysis(htmls)
        anchors = list(self.__refine(anchors))
        anchors = self.__sort(anchors)
        self.__show(anchors)


spider = Spider()
spider.go()
 

最後

恭喜IG今天獲得S8總冠軍