我們需要先定義一下連結串列的結構

#ifndef LIST_H
#define LIST_H
#define L 50

//引入標頭檔案
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

//定義連結串列資料域的資料結構體
typedef struct message {
	char name[20];
	int age;
} Item;

//定義連結串列
typedef struct node {
	Item item;
	struct node * next;
} Node, *List;

List creat(void);
bool add(List head);
bool del(List head);
bool change(List head);
bool search(List head);
void traverse(List head);
#endif
 

在這個基礎上，我們實現以下相關的函式，我們先初始化一下連結串列。操作如下，先為連結串列建立一個頭節點，為該節點分配記憶體，但不存放資料

List creat(void)
{
	List head = (List)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	//將頭節點的下一個節點設定為NULL
	head->next = NULL;
	return head;
}

此時初始化完成，下面我們再實現一下增刪改查的功能

bool add(List head)
{
	//輸入新結點的資料
	Item people;
	printf("Please input your name:");
	gets(people.name);
	printf("Please input your age:");
	scanf("%d", &people.age);

	//清空緩衝區
	getchar();

	//使用頭插法插入資料
	List p = (List)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	p->item = people;
	p->next = head->next;
	head->next = p;

	return true;
}
bool del(List head)
{
	char nameWillBeenDelete[L];
	printf("Please input the student's name who will you delete:");
	gets(nameWillBeenDelete);

	List prev = head;
	List p = prev->next;
	//查詢資料，如果查詢到，則在成功刪除後return true
	while (NULL != p) {
		if (!strcmp(p->item.name, nameWillBeenDelete)) {
			List t = p;
			prev->next = p->next;
			printf("%s has been delete!\n", t->item.name);
			free(t);
			return true;
		}
		prev = p;
		p = p->next;
	}
	//如果查詢完所有資料都沒有找到，則return false
	puts("Not found!");
	return false;
}
//修改資料，與刪除類似
bool change(List head)
{
	char nameWillBeenChange[L];
	printf("Please input the student's name who will you change:");
	gets(nameWillBeenChange);

	List p = head->next;
	while (NULL != p) {
		if (!strcmp(p->item.name, nameWillBeenChange)) {
			printf("Please input your new name:");
			gets(p->item.name);
			printf("Please input your new age:");
			scanf("%d", &p->item.age);

			getchar();

			printf("New:name:%s		age:%d\n", p->item.name, p->item.age);

			return true;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	puts("Not found!");
	return false;
}
//查詢
bool search(List head)
{
	char nameWillBeenSearch[L];
	printf("Please input the student's name who will you search:");
	gets(nameWillBeenSearch);

	List p = head->next;
	while (NULL != p) {
		if (!strcmp(p->item.name, nameWillBeenSearch)) {
			printf("message: name:%s	age:%d\n", p->item.name, p->item.age);
			return true;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("Not Found!\n");
	return false;
}
 

我們已經定義好了連結串列的結構，並且也封裝號了相關的功能，因此，我們只需要在main（）函式中呼叫即可

#include"list.h"
int main(void)
{
	//建立一個連結串列
	List head = creat();
	
	int n;
	printf("Please input how number sutdents will you want:");
	scanf("%d", &n);
	getchar();
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		add(head);
	}

	del(head);

	change(head);

	search(head);

	traverse(head);

	return 0;
}
 

下面是執行結果

GitHub原始碼地址
需要的可以自行下載