890. Find and Replace Pattern
You have a list of words
and a pattern
, and you want to know which words in words
matches the pattern.
A word matches the pattern if there exists a permutation of letters p
so that after replacing every letter x
in the pattern with p(x)
, we get the desired word.
(Recall that a permutation of letters is a bijection(雙射)
Return a list of the words in words
that match the given pattern.
You may return the answer in any order.
Input: words = ["abc","deq","mee","aqq","dkd","ccc"], pattern = "abb" Output: ["mee","aqq"] Explanation:"mee" matches the pattern because there is a permutation {a -> m, b -> e, ...}. "ccc" does not match the pattern because {a -> c, b -> c, ...} is not a permutation, since a and b map to the same letter.
1 <= words.length <= 50
1 <= pattern.length = words[i].length <= 20
解:
題目挺長的,意思就是說, 對於給定的pattern,在words的所有string中,找出符合這個模式的所有string,符合這個模式的意思就是如果pattern是 “abb”,那麼 “acc”、“pee”、“dzz”,這種都是符合的。其他情況就不符合,我總結了一下,從pattern往word對映為主,不符合模式的大概可以分為兩種:
1、“ccc”,這樣pattern中 a 對映到 c,b 也對映到 c,不可以pattern中兩個不同字元對映到word中同一個字元;
2、“deq”,這樣pattern中 a 對映到 d,b 對映到 e,第二個 b 有對映到 q,不可以pattern中一個字元對映到word中多個字元;
所以pattern和word同時從左往右遍歷,對應位置上:
1、如果 pattern[i] 沒有進行過對映
如果 word[i] 已經被對映過,那麼說明沒辦法雙射了,跳過這個string;
如果 word[i] 沒有被對映過(防止上述第一種情況發生),那麼就讓 pattern[i] 對映到 word[i];
2、如果對映過,但是已經設定的對映 pattern[i] 不對映到 word[i] 那麼這個string一定不對,直接跳過到下一個string。
按照上述分析,程式碼很容易實現。
vector<string> findAndReplacePattern(vector<string>& words, string pattern)
{
int len = pattern.length();
vector<string> res;
for(auto word : words)
{
vector<char> bijection(26, '*'); // pattern 到 word 中字元的對映關係,不能是反過來的
int i = 0;
for(; i < len; i++)
{
if(bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] == '*') // 沒有對映過
{
if(find(bijection.begin(), bijection.end(), word[i]) != bijection.end()) // 為了防止pattern中兩個對映到一個字元
break;
else
bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] = word[i];
}
else if(bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] != word[i]) // 對映過了,但是對映的不是這個,這個單詞肯定就不行
break;
}
if(i == len)
res.push_back(word);
}
return res;
}
思想一樣,稍微簡便一點的寫法如下:
vector<string> findAndReplacePattern(vector<string>& words, string pattern)
{
int len = pattern.length();
vector<string> res;
for(auto word : words)
{
vector<char> bijection(26, '*'); // pattern 到 word 中字元的對映關係,不能是反過來的
int i = 0;
for(; i < len; i++)
{
if(bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] == '*' && find(bijection.begin(), bijection.end(), word[i]) == bijection.end()) // 沒有對映過
bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] = word[i];
else if(bijection[pattern[i] - 'a'] == word[i])
continue;
else // 對映過了,但是對映的不是這個,這個單詞肯定就不行
break;
}
if(i == len)
res.push_back(word);
}
return res;
}