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Android常用之Butterknife使用詳解

Butterknife簡介

Butterknife中文又名黃油刀,是 JakeWharton大神開源的一款Android檢視的欄位和方法繫結快速註解框架.也是Android開發中比較常用的一款快速註解框架了,可以不用不斷的重複findViewById,在各種場合下快速繫結view的多種事件,大大提高了開發的效率.

為什麼開發用Butterknife?

1、強大的View繫結和Click事件處理功能,簡化程式碼,提升開發效率2、方便的處理Adapter裡的ViewHolder繫結問題3、執行時不會影響APP效率,使用配置方便4、程式碼清晰,可讀性強5、............

使用配置

在 Android studio 專案中配置:Butterknife:

一.在主Moduel中的build.gradle中新增如下配置:

dependencies {
    
    implementation 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1'
    annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.8.1'
}

簡單使用如下:

class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @BindView(R.id.user) EditText username;
  @BindView(R.id.pass) EditText password;

  @BindString(R.string.login_error) String loginErrorMessage;

  @OnClick(R.id.submit) void submit() {
    // TODO call server...
  }

  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
    ButterKnife.bind(this);
    // TODO Use fields...
  }
}

二.在Library projects中使用(按個人需求而定)

1.在 Android project的build.gradle中新增如下配置:

buildscript {
  repositories {
    mavenCentral()
   }
  dependencies {
    classpath 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-gradle-plugin:8.8.1'
  }
}

2.在Library的build.gradle中新增如下配置:

apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'com.jakewharton.butterknife'
值得注意的是,在Library中使用Butterknife註解使用的是R2.而不是R.

如下:

class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @BindView(R2.id.user) EditText username;
  @BindView(R2.id.pass) EditText password;
...
}

ButterKnife的基本使用詳解

ButterKnife使用場景如下:

1.在Activity中繫結ButterKnife:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  @BindView(R.id.butter)
    Button button;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

    @OnClick(R.id.butter)
    public void onClick(){
        Log.e("111111","11111");
        Toast.makeText(this, "繫結單個view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
值得注意的是:ButterKnife.bind(this)必須在初始化繫結佈局檔案之後,否則會報錯

2.在Fragment中繫結ButterKnife:

public class ExampleFragment extends Fragment {

    private Unbinder unbinder;
    @BindView(R.id.example)
    Button example;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       View view = View.inflate(getContext(),R.layout.fragment_example,null);
        unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this,view);
        return view;

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        unbinder.unbind();//檢視銷燬時必須解綁
    }
}
值得注意的是:在Fragment中需要在檢視銷燬時解綁Butterknife,否則會造成記憶體洩漏.

3.在Adapter的ViewHolder中繫結Butterknife:

 @NonNull
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.recy_dynamic_state_item,parent,false);
        MyViewHolder myViewHolder = new MyViewHolder(itemView);//此處將view傳入
        itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
        return myViewHolder;
    }

public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
         @BindView(R.id.iv_photo)
        SimpleDraweeView simpleDraweeView;
         @BindView(R.id.tv_title)
        TextView tvTitle;
         @BindView(R.id.tv_detail)
         TextView tvDetail;
         @BindView(R.id.date)
         TextView date;
         @BindView(R.id.avatar_user)
         SimpleDraweeView avatarUser;
         @BindView(R.id.username)
         TextView userName;

         public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
             super(itemView);
             ButterKnife.bind(this,itemView);//此處進行繫結
         }

Butterknife具體使用

繫結View:

1.單個控制元件id 註解: @BindView()

@BindView(R.id.example)
    Button example;

2.佈局內多個控制元件id 註解: @BindViews()

@BindViews({R.id.butter,R.id.butter1,R.id.butter2})
    List<Button> buttons;

繫結資原始檔

1.繫結string 字串:@BindString()

@BindString(R.string.app_name) //繫結資原始檔中string字串
String name;

2.繫結array陣列:@BindArray()

<resources>
<string name="app_name">開眼視訊</string>

<string-array name="weather">
<item>高溫</item>
<item>低溫</item>
<item>陰天</item>
<item>雨天</item>
<item>晴天</item>
</string-array>

</resources>
@BindArray(R.array.weather) //繫結string資源裡面array陣列
String [] weathers ;

3.繫結顏色值:@BindColor( )

@BindColor( R.color.colorPrimary) //繫結color檔案中顏色值
int colorPrimary; 

4.繫結Bitmap:@BindBitmap( )

@BindBitmap(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
    Bitmap bitmap;

5.其他資源繫結:

@BindBool(R.bool.is_tablet) boolean isTablet; //繫結真假boolean

@BindFont(R.font.comic_sans) Typeface comicSans; //繫結字型文字

@BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) int gapPx //繫結尺寸
@BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) float gap; //繫結尺寸

@BindAnim(R.anim.fade_in) Animation fadeIn; //繫結動畫

@BindDrawable(R.drawable.placeholder) Drawable placeholder;//繫結Drawable

繫結監聽事件

1.繫結控制元件點選事件:@OnClick( )

  • 單個控制元件點選事件:
 @OnClick(R.id.butter)
    public void onClick(){
        Toast.makeText(this, "繫結單個view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
  • 多個控制元件同一點選事件:
@OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo})
 public void onClick(){
        Toast.makeText(this, "都執行此事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
  • 多個控制元件點選事件:
  @OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo})
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.share_wechat:
                sharePlatform(Wechat.NAME);
                break;
            case R.id.share_moments:
                sharePlatform(WechatMoments.NAME);
                break;
            case R.id.share_weibo:
                sharePlatform(SinaWeibo.NAME);
                break;
        }
    }

2.繫結控制元件長按事件:@OnLongClick( )

@OnLongClick( R.id.button1 ) //給 button1 設定一個長按事件
public boolean onLongClick (){
Toast.makeText(this, "is a long click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true ;
}

3.其他事件繫結

//選中,選中取消
@OnCheckedChanged(R.id.example) 
public void onChecked(boolean checked) {
    Toast.makeText(this, checked ? "Checked!" : "Unchecked!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//軟鍵盤的功能按鍵
@OnEditorAction(R.id.example)
public  boolean onEditorAction(KeyEvent key) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Pressed: " + key, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return true;
  }

//焦點改變
@OnFocusChange(R.id.example) 
public void onFocusChanged(boolean focused) {
   Toast.makeText(this, focused ? "Gained focus" : "Lost focus", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//Item長按,返回true則可以攔截onItemClick
@OnItemLongClick(R.id.example_list) 
public boolean onItemLongClick(int position) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Long clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return true;
  }

//Item點選事件
@OnItemClick(R.id.example_list) 
public void onItemClick(int position) {
   Toast.makeText(this, "Clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 }

//Item被選擇事件
@OnItemSelected(R.id.example_list) 
public void onItemSelected(int position) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Selected position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//EditText裡面的文字變化事件
@OnTextChanged(R.id.example) 
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence text) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Text changed: " + text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//頁面改變事件
@OnPageChange(R.id.example_pager) 
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
   Toast.makeText(this, "Selected " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//觸控事件
@OnTouch(R.id.example)
public  boolean onTouch() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Touched!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return false;
  }

Action介面與Setter介面

Action介面主要是為了對View或者Views進行管理初始化等操作,而Setter介面其實就是對view或者views的屬性或者值進行操作.使用 ButterKnife.apply()方法啟用介面.

ButterKnife.Action<View> action = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
      @Override
      public void apply(@NonNull View view, int index) {
          if (view instanceof Button ){
              Button button = (Button) view;
              button.setText("點選我");
          }
      }
  };

    ButterKnife.Setter<View,Boolean> setter = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public void set(@NonNull View view, Boolean value, int index) {
            view.setEnabled(value);
        }
    };


@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
        ButterKnife.apply(buttons,action);//初始化或修改每個view的屬性值
        ButterKnife.apply(buttons,setter,true);
    }

Butterknife Zelezny外掛使用

當熟悉了Butterknife 的基本用法後,有時候還是要寫很多@BindView()之類的,是不是很煩,沒關係,最後教你們一招偷懶的方式,當然是用外掛了,嘿嘿.

1.安裝外掛步驟如下:開啟Android studio:點選File--->Settings--->Plugins--->搜尋 Butterknife Zelezny--->下載安裝--->重啟Android studio.

TIM截圖20180919210841.png

做完以上步驟,就可以愉快的寫程式碼了.

2.使用外掛

 @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//將游標移到佈局檔案處
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

右擊Generate,如下:TIM截圖20180919211418.png

開啟就看見我們佈局檔案中所有控制元件了.選擇你需要的就可以開始了.TIM截圖20180919211548.png

好了,關於Butterknife註解就結束到這裡了,還有很多用法沒有介紹到,不過並不妨礙我們愉快的使用Butterknife了,趕快去試試吧.

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