Linux用curl呼叫應用介面
很多同學都用postman測試過後臺應用介面，的確非常方便。今天這裡介紹一下在Liunx下用curl命令測試介面的方法和遇到的一些問題，包括url傳參轉義和中文傳參報錯的問題，這裡都提供解決辦法。下面我們來看一個示例吧：
1.我們的後臺採用JAVA程式介面，這裡只列部分程式碼
@PostMapping("/testc/{id}") public Object testc(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestParam(value = "name", required = false) String name, @RequestParam(value = "age", required = false) Integer age, @RequestBody User user){ Map<String, User> map = new HashMap<String,User>(); User u = new User(); u.setId(id); u.setName(name); u.setAge(age); map.put("uuu", u); map.put("uuu2", user); return map; }
2.啟動應用後（介面地址:http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc），我們在shell命令列中進行測試(如果是windows上可以在GitBash上進行測試)
2.1.測試一：
curl -i -X POST http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
[[email protected]kin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
HTTP/1.1 400
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 06:46:12 GMT
Connection: close
{"timestamp":1537425972603,"status":400,"error":"Bad Request","message":"Required request body is missing: public java.lang.Object com.wisea.demoh2.controller.TestController.testc(java.lang.Long,java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer,com.wisea.demoh2.entity.User)","path":"/testc/1"}[ 通過測試可以發現報400錯誤，原因現在沒有指定request body引數，下面先通過指定一個空json資料測試
2.2.測試二：
curl -i -X POST --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1 HTTP/1.1 415 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600 Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 06:52:12 GMT {"timestamp":1537426332587,"status":415,"error":"Unsupported Media Type","message":"Content type 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' not supported","path":"/testc/1"}
通過測試可以發現報415錯誤，原因是請求頭引數Content-Type沒有指定，預設是application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8，下面我們指定為application/json來測試
2.3.測試三：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
HTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:02:22 GMT
{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":null,"age":null},"uuu2":{"id":null,"name":null,"age":null}}可以發現通過測試了，下面補全引數進行測試
2.4.測試四：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' \
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin&age=19
[1] 2463
[[email protected] ~]# HTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:06:24 GMT
{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin","age":null},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}}可以發現測試通過了，但是可以看到物件“uuu”的age是空，而設定的是19。通過第二行不難發現，這是因為Linux把URL傳參中的“&”當成啟動後臺程序了，下面進行字元轉義（\&）測試
2.5.測試五：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' \
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:13:55 GMT
{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}}可以發現測試完美通過，物件“uuu”的age也正常了。這是同學們可能覺得就完美了，已經完事了，洗洗睡了。但是...
2.6.測試六：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' \
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin大俠\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 400
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:23:25 GMT
Connection: close
通過測試可以發現報400錯誤，原因是URL傳參中含有中文，下面通過UrlEncode轉碼一下再進行測試
2.7.測試七：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' \
[[email protected] ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:28:19 GMT
{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin大俠","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}}可以發現測試完美通過，這時同學們可能覺得終於可以洗洗睡啦，但是...，當我在GitBash上測試，結果不盡人意
2.8.測試八（GitBash）：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' \
[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 526 0 484 100 42 32266 2800 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 35066HTTP/1.1 400
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:33:09 GMT
Connection: close
{"timestamp":1537428789546,"status":400,"error":"Bad Request","message":"JSON parse error: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb4\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 29]; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb4\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 29]\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 16] (through reference chain: com.wisea.demoh2.entity.User[\"name\"])","path":"/testc/1"}
通過測試可以發現報400錯誤，原因是windows系統預設編碼格式是GBK，而命令列中的中文引數在提交時被轉碼成GBK了，下面將中文字元進行Unicode轉碼後再進行測試
2.9.測試九（GitBash）：
curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin\u5927\u4fa0","age":18}' \
[email protected] MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin\u5927\u4fa0","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 152 0 102 100 50 99k 50000 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 148kHTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:37:27 GMT
{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin大俠","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大俠","age":18}}
可以發現測試完美通過了，這下終於可以洗洗睡啦~~