對於esp32模組來說，wifi是重中之重，沒有wifi的esp32絕對是個大冷門，下面來探討一下esp32wifi的工作原理：

分析程式碼，路徑esp-idf/examples/wifi/simple_wifi

#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event_loop.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"

#include "lwip/err.h"
#include "lwip/sys.h"

/* The examples use simple WiFi configuration that you can set via
   'make menuconfig'.

   If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
   the config you want - ie #define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID "mywifissid"
*/
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP   CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP //TRUE:AP FALSE:STA
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SSID
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PASSWORD
#define EXAMPLE_MAX_STA_CONN       CONFIG_MAX_STA_CONN

/* FreeRTOS event group to signal when we are connected*/
static EventGroupHandle_t wifi_event_group;

/* The event group allows multiple bits for each event,
   but we only care about one event - are we connected
   to the AP with an IP? */
const int WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT = BIT0;

static const char *TAG = "simple wifi";

static esp_err_t event_handler(void *ctx, system_event_t *event)
{
    switch(event->event_id) {
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_START:
        esp_wifi_connect();
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "got ip:%s",
                 ip4addr_ntoa(&event->event_info.got_ip.ip_info.ip));
        xEventGroupSetBits(wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_AP_STACONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "station:"MACSTR" join, AID=%d",
                 MAC2STR(event->event_info.sta_connected.mac),
                 event->event_info.sta_connected.aid);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_AP_STADISCONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "station:"MACSTR"leave, AID=%d",
                 MAC2STR(event->event_info.sta_disconnected.mac),
                 event->event_info.sta_disconnected.aid);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED:
        esp_wifi_connect();
        xEventGroupClearBits(wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

void wifi_init_softap()
{
    wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();

    tcpip_adapter_init();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_init(event_handler, NULL));

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .ap = {
            .ssid = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID,
            .ssid_len = strlen(EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID),
            .password = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS,
            .max_connection = EXAMPLE_MAX_STA_CONN,
            .authmode = WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK
        },
    };
    if (strlen(EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS) == 0) {
        wifi_config.ap.authmode = WIFI_AUTH_OPEN;
    }

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_AP));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(ESP_IF_WIFI_AP, &wifi_config));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start());

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_softap finished.SSID:%s password:%s",
             EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
}

void wifi_init_sta()
{
    wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();

    tcpip_adapter_init();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_init(event_handler, NULL) );

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .sta = {
            .ssid = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID,
            .password = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS
        },
    };

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(ESP_IF_WIFI_STA, &wifi_config) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start() );

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_sta finished.");
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "connect to ap SSID:%s password:%s",
             EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
}

void app_main()
{
    //Initialize NVS
    esp_err_t ret = nvs_flash_init();
    if (ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
      ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
      ret = nvs_flash_init();
    }
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
    
#if EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP");
    wifi_init_softap();
#else
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_WIFI_MODE_STA");
    wifi_init_sta();
#endif /*EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_MODE_AP*/

}
 

這程式碼的功能是開啟一個wifi熱點，可選擇AP模式或STA模式，程式碼的呼叫也是非常簡單的，我就不一一分析了，我直接把API呼叫流程圖放過來，一看便清楚：

按一定的流程呼叫一些API，期間需要自己設定一些自定義引數，如SSID，PASSWD等

接下來分析一下esp32wifi狀態機工作原理，注意：esp32wifi底層驅動是不開源的，這也是很多晶片廠商一貫的作法，因為開源了底層驅動，基本上也就開源了硬體引數，產品很容易被有心人複製或者盜版，以下是esp32wifi狀態機工作原理的流程圖：

可以得出結論：

1.使用者自定義狀態機回撥函式

2.回撥函式作為形參的方式傳遞給esp_event_loop_init(event_handler,NULL)函式

3.建立任務esp_event_loop_task一直監測狀態機狀態，當底層驅動傳遞過來新狀態時，自定義函式得到回撥

就這樣分析完esp32狀態機的工作原理，有興趣的可以根據上述圖表跟進原始碼