1. NameError：嘗試訪問一個未申明的變數

>>> v
NameError: name 'v' is not defined

2. ZeroDivisionError：除數為0

>>> v = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero

3. SyntaxError：語法錯誤

int int
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (<pyshell#14>, line 1)

4. IndexError：索引超出範圍

List = [2]
>>> List[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    List[3]
IndexError: list index out of range
 

5. KeyError：字典關鍵字不存在

Dic = {'1':'yes', '2':'no'}
>>> Dic['3']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
    Dic['3']
KeyError: '3'

6. IOError：輸入輸出錯誤

>>> f = open('abc')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'abc'

7. AttributeError：訪問未知物件屬性

>>> class Worker:
 def Work():
  print("I am working")

>>> w = Worker()
>>> w.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#51>", line 1, in <module>
    w.a
AttributeError: 'Worker' object has no attribute 'a'

8.ValueError：數值錯誤

>>> int('d')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
    int('d')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'd'
 

9. TypeError：型別錯誤

>>> iStr = '22'
>>> iVal = 22
>>> obj = iStr + iVal;
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
    obj = iStr + iVal;
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

10. AssertionError：斷言錯誤

>>> assert 1 != 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#70>", line 1, in <module>
    assert 1 != 1
AssertionError

11.MemoryError:記憶體耗盡異常

12. NotImplementedError：方法沒實現引起的異常

class Base(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def action(self):
        #丟擲異常，說明該介面方法未實現
        raise NotImplementedError

13. LookupError：鍵、值不存在引發的異常

LookupError異常是IndexError、KeyError的基類， 如果你不確定資料型別是字典還是列表時，可以用LookupError捕獲此異常

14. StandardError 標準異常

除StopIteration, GeneratorExit, KeyboardInterrupt 和SystemExit外，其他異常都是StandarError的子類。

錯誤檢測與異常處理區別在於：錯誤檢測是在正常的程式流中，處理不可預見問題的程式碼，例如一個呼叫操作未能成功結束