線上的web環境準備用Nginx+Django部署, 下面簡單記錄下操作過程:

作業系統為Centos7.4
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
 
1)  安裝Python3.6.1
系統預設的是python2.7, 需要升級到Python3.6.1 ( 該Django專案跑在Python3.6.1版本下)
[[email protected] ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
 
下載並安裝Python3.6.1
[
 
[email protected] ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[[email protected] ~]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[
 
[email protected] src]#  tar xf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[[email protected] src]# cd Python-3.6.1
[[email protected] Python-3.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[[email protected] Python-3.6.1]#  make && make install
 
確認安裝的Python下有pip3
[[email protected] Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 -> python3.6
 
[
 
[email protected] Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
 
替換python
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/bin
[[email protected] ~]# mv python python.bak
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
[[email protected] ~]# python -V
Python 3.6.1
 
2) 安裝nginx
[[email protected] ~]# useradd www
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://10.0.8.50/software/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# tar -zvxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/data/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
 
配置nginx
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[[email protected]eb-node conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
 
[[email protected] conf]# cat nginx.conf
user  www;
worker_processes  4;
  
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
  
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
  
  
events {
    worker_connections  65535;
}
  
  
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    charset utf-8;
        
    ######
    ## set access log format
    ######
    log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
  
    #######
    ## http setting
    #######
    sendfile       on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    proxy_cache_path /var/www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=mycache:20m max_size=2048m inactive=60m;
    proxy_temp_path /var/www/cache/tmp;
  
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
    fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  
    #
    client_header_timeout 600s;
    client_body_timeout 600s;
   # client_max_body_size 50m;
    client_max_body_size 100m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
  
    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
    gzip_vary on;
  
    ## includes vhosts
    include vhosts/*.conf;
}
 
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir /var/www/cache
[[email protected] conf]# ulimit 65535
 
[[email protected] conf]# cat vhosts/ng.conf
upstream py-8001 {
      ip_hash;
      server 127.0.0.1:8001  max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
      server 127.0.0.1:8002  max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
}
           
  server {
      listen      80;
      server_name kevin.com www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com;
     
      access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main;
      error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log;
     
 location / {
         proxy_pass http://py-8001;
         proxy_redirect off ;
         proxy_set_header Host $host;
         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
         proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
         proxy_connect_timeout 300;
         proxy_send_timeout 300;
         proxy_read_timeout 600;
         proxy_buffer_size 256k;
         proxy_buffers 4 256k;
         proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
         proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
         proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;
         proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
         #proxy_cache mycache;                               
         #proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
         #proxy_cache_valid 301 1d;
         #proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
        }
 
 location /static/ {
      alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/;
}
}
 
3) 安裝django (專案中使用的mysql是阿里雲上的rds)
[[email protected] ~]# yum install MySQL-python
[[email protected] ~]# pip3 install Django==1.11
[[email protected] ~]# pip3 install pymysql
 
django專案存放路徑: /data/www/APPServer
靜態頁存放路徑: /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/
靜態頁通過nginx訪問展示(匹配static的路徑), 動態頁面通過nginx轉發給python處理
[[email protected] script]# ll /data/www/APPServer/
總用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www  4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example
-rwxr-xr-x 1 www www   817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www  4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www  4096 12月 11 17:55 templates
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www  4096 12月 11 18:14 users

[[email protected] script]# chown -R www.www /data/www/APPServer/
 
啟動python程式, 由於是互動式的, 這裡通過tmux工具
[[email protected] ~]# yum install tmux
[[email protected] ~]# sh /data/script/py.8001_start.sh
 
啟動指令碼
[[email protected] ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_start.sh
#!/bin/bash
tmux new -d -s bobo_session && tmux send -t bobo_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver  0.0.0.0:8001' ENTER
tmux new -d -s bobo_session1 && tmux send -t bobo1_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver  0.0.0.0:8002' ENTER
 
關閉指令碼
[[email protected] ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_stop.sh
#!/bin/bash
tmux kill-session -t bobo_session
 
[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i:8001
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
python  11375 root    4u  IPv4  35968      0t0  TCP *:vcom-tunnel (LISTEN)
[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i:8002
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
python  11399 root    4u  IPv4  36203      0t0  TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep tmux
root     11356     1  0 00:16 ?        00:00:00 tmux new -d -s bobo_session
root     11430 11409  0 00:17 pts/0    00:00:00 tmux a
root     11643 11335  0 00:26 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto tmux
[[email protected] ~]# tmux ls
bobo1_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:17:14 2018) [179x53] (attached)
bobo_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:16:54 2018) [135x33]
 
訪問http://www.kevin.com 即可

uwsgi是一種線路協議而不是通訊協議，在此常用於在uwsgi伺服器與其他網路伺服器的資料通訊。uwsgi協議是一個uwsgi伺服器自有的協議，它用於定義傳輸資訊的型別。uwsgi實現了WSGI的所有介面，是一個快速、自我修復、開發人員和系統管理員友好的伺服器。uwsgi程式碼完全用C編寫，效率高、效能穩定。

uwsgi作用
Django 是一個 Web 框架，框架的作用在於處理 request 和 reponse，其他的不是框架所關心的內容。所以怎麼部署 Django 不是 Django 所需要關心的。Django 所提供的是一個開發伺服器，這個開發伺服器，沒有經過安全測試，而且使用的是 Python 自帶的 simple HTTPServer 建立的，在安全性和效率上都是不行的而uwsgi 是一個全功能的 HTTP 伺服器，他要做的就是把 HTTP 協議轉化成語言支援的網路協議。比如把 HTTP 協議轉化成 WSGI 協議，讓 Python 可以直接使用。
uwsgi 是一種 uwsgi 的內部協議，使用二進位制方式和其他應用程式進行通訊。

如果使用uwsgi, 則操作如下:

安裝uwsgi
[[email protected] ~]# pip3 install uwsgi

編寫測試：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /root/test.py 
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"]

啟動測試：
[[email protected] ~]# uwsgi --http :9009 --wsgi-file test.py

訪問http://localhost:9009 , 即可看到Hello World

nginx+uwsgi配置
[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 12月 11 21:36 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default

[[email protected] ~]# cat vhosts/ng.conf
server {
　　listen 80;
　　server_name www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com;

  access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main;
  error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log;


　　location / {
　　　　uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;    
　　　　include uwsgi_params;
　　　　access_log off;
　　}

 location /static/ {
      alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/;
}

}

[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini 
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8000 
master = true
vhost = true
no-site = true
pidfile = /usr/local/nginx/logs/uwsgi.pid
processes = 4 
chdir = /data/www/APPServer
wsgi-file = django_auth_example/wsgi.py
profiler = true
memory-report = true
enable-threads = true
logdata = true
limit-as = 6048
daemonize = /usr/local/nginx/logs/django.log
pythonpath = /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages

[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/
總用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www  4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example
-rwxr-xr-x 1 www www   817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www  4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www  4096 12月 11 17:55 templates
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www  4096 12月 11 18:14 users
[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/django_auth_example/
總用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www   43 12月 11 17:55 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www  184 12月 11 18:03 __init__.pyc
drwxr-xr-x 2 www www 4096 12月 11 21:12 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3802 12月 11 17:55 settings.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3241 12月 11 18:11 settings.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1282 12月 11 18:14 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1256 12月 11 18:14 urls.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www  416 12月 11 17:55 wsgi.py

啟動uwsgi
[[email protected] ~]# uwsgi --ini /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini 
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

最後訪問http://www.kevin.com 即可