目前常用的訊息佇列大概有三種類型,RabbitMQ等AMQP系列, Kafka, Redis等key-value系列,它們的使用場景分別是：

1.RabbitMQ：相對重量級高併發的情況，比如資料的非同步處理，任務的序列執行等.
2.Kafka：基於Pull的模式來處理,具體很高的吞吐量,一般用來進行，日誌的儲存和收集.
3.Redis：輕量級高併發，實時性要求高的情況，比如快取，秒殺，及時的資料分析(ELK日誌分析框架,使用的就是Redis).

這篇文章主要講述Spring Boot基於Redis快速實現訊息佇列。

環境依賴

在pom檔案,加入spring-boot-starter-data-redis依賴：

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

註冊StringRedisTemplate

@Configuration
public class PublisherConfig {
    @Bean
    public StringRedisTemplate getRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
 
 {
        return new StringRedisTemplate(redisConnectionFactory);
    }
}

Service

訊息生產者，注入redisTemplate,用convertAndSend傳送訊息

@Service
public class PublisherService {

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    public String sendMessage(String name) {
        try {
            redisTemplate.
 
convertAndSend("TOPIC_USERNAME", name);
            return "訊息傳送成功了";
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "訊息傳送失敗了";
        }
    }
}

Controller

請求時傳送訊息

@RestController
@RequestMapping("publisher")
public class PublisherController {

    @Autowired
    private PublisherService publisherService;

    @RequestMapping("{name}")
    public String sendMessage(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
        return publisherService.sendMessage(name);
    }
}

消費者

建立一個接收訊息的類，可以繼承MessageListener，也可以不繼承

@Component
public class Receiver implements MessageListener {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message, byte[] pattern) {
        RedisSerializer<String> valueSerializer = redisTemplate.getStringSerializer();
        String deserialize = valueSerializer.deserialize(message.getBody());
        logger.info("Received <" + message + ">");
    }
}

@Component
public class Receiver {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);

    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        logger.info("Received <" + message + ">");
    }
}

訊息訂閱者配置類

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter({Receiver.class})
public class SubscriberConfig {

    /**
     * 訊息監聽介面卡，注入接受訊息方法，輸入方法名字 反射方法
     *
     * @param receiver
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MessageListenerAdapter getMessageListenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
        return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage"); //當沒有繼承MessageListener時需要寫方法名字
    }

    /**
     * 建立訊息監聽容器
     *
     * @param redisConnectionFactory
     * @param messageListenerAdapter
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisMessageListenerContainer getRedisMessageListenerContainer(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory, MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter) {
        RedisMessageListenerContainer redisMessageListenerContainer = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
        redisMessageListenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        redisMessageListenerContainer.addMessageListener(messageListenerAdapter, new PatternTopic("TOPIC_USERNAME"));
        return redisMessageListenerContainer;
    }
}

測試

由logger可以看出，接收者接收到了傳送者的訊息。

原始碼下載：https://github.com/chenjary/SpringBoot