Django元件——forms元件
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-13
一，forms元件：
校驗欄位功能針對一個例項：註冊使用者講解。模型：models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)
模板: register.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="View CodeUTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <label for="user">使用者名稱</label> <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p> </div> <div> <label for="pwd">密碼</label> <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="r_pwd">確認密碼</label> <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="email">郵箱</label> <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p> </div> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
檢視函式：register
# forms元件 from django.forms import widgets wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) class UserForm(forms.Form): name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01 ) pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01) tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01) def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有乾淨的欄位以及對應的值 else: print(form.cleaned_data) # print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的欄位":["錯誤資訊",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤資訊",] return HttpResponse("OK") form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
1，渲染標籤功能
渲染方式1
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 檔案 --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <h3>註冊頁面</h3> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <label for="">使用者名稱</label> {{ form.name }} </div> <div> <label for="">密碼</label> {{ form.pwd }} </div> <div> <label for="">確認密碼</label> {{ form.r_pwd }} </div> <div> <label for=""> 郵箱</label> {{ form.email }} </div> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>View Code
渲染方式2
<form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div> <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form>
渲染方式3
<form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form>
2，顯示錯誤與重置輸入資訊功能
檢視
def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有乾淨的欄位以及對應的值 else: print(form.cleaned_data) # print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校驗錯誤的欄位":["錯誤資訊",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["錯誤資訊",] return render(request,"register.html",locals()) form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div> <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> </form>
3，區域性鉤子與全域性鉤子
模板
# forms元件 from django.forms import widgets wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class UserForm(forms.Form): name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01 ) pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01) tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01) # 區域性鉤子 def clean_name(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("name") if not val.isdigit(): return val else: raise ValidationError("使用者名稱不能是純數字!") # 全域性鉤子 def clean(self): pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd") r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd") if pwd==r_pwd: return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError('兩次密碼不一致!') def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有乾淨的欄位以及對應的值 else: clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__") return render(request,"register.html",locals()) form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
檢視
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div> <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red"> {% if field.label == 'R pwd' %} <span>{{ clean_error.0 }}</span> {% endif %} {{ field.errors.0 }} </span> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> </form>