作業系統： Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

1. GCC編譯

echo 'main(){}'|gcc -E -v -

輸出結果：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/cc1 -E -quiet -v - -mtune=generic -march=x86-64
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
main(){}
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

 

#include <…> search starts here: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include /usr/local/include /usr/include 預設會在上述路徑查詢標頭檔案

2. 交叉編譯

echo 'main(){}'|arm-linux-gcc -E -v -

輸出結果：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc.br_real
Target: arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ./configure --prefix=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --sysconfdir=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/etc --enable-static --target=arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --disable-__cxa_atexit --with-gnu-ld --disable-libssp --disable-multilib --with-gmp=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-mpfr=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-pkgversion='Buildroot 2016.02' --with-bugurl=http://bugs.buildroot.net/ --disable-libquadmath --enable-tls --disable-libmudflap --enable-threads --with-mpc=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --without-isl --without-cloog --with-float=soft --disable-decimal-float --with-abi=aapcs-linux --with-cpu=cortex-a9 --with-float=soft --with-mode=arm --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-build-time-tools=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin --enable-shared --disable-libgomp
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.3.0 (Buildroot 2016.02) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
 /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/cc1 -E -quiet -v -isysroot /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot - -mcpu=cortex-a9 -mfloat-abi=soft -mabi=aapcs-linux -marm -mtls-dialect=gnu -Os
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/local/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include
 /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed
 /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include
 /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
main(){}
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'

 

#include <…> search starts here: /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/…/…/…/…/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include

預設會在上述路徑查詢標頭檔案，即交叉編譯工具鏈的目錄下

與linux核心有關的編譯

例如驅動程式。在編譯時的Makefile中指定核心原始碼目錄：

KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD       := $(shell pwd)

default:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

使用-C手動指定核心原始碼目錄

若 /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build 沒有指定的原始碼，使用yun install kernel-devel安裝（CentOS系統）。

編譯引數

-I （大寫i） 指定尋找標頭檔案目錄

arm-linux-gcc  $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0

去/root/libpcap-1.9.0目錄下尋找pcap.h標頭檔案

-L（大寫l）指定尋找庫檔案目錄

arm-linux-gcc  $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0  -o pktanalyze  -L./  -lpcap

在./目錄（當前目錄）下尋找需要連結的pcap庫

-l（小寫l）指定程式所需庫檔案

arm-linux-gcc  $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0  -o pktanalyze  -L./  -lpcap

指定程式連結的庫，把庫檔名的頭lib和尾.so去掉就是庫名了。