激勵機制

By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block.

按照慣例，每個區塊中的第一筆交易是一筆特殊的交易，它為這個區塊的創造者產生了一些新幣。

This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. 

這個機制為支援網路執行的節點增加了激勵，因為沒有中心化的權利機構來發幣，所以這也為貨幣初次釋出至流通環節提供了一種方法。

The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation. 

穩步髮型一定數量的新幣相當於黃金礦工通過耗費資源將黃金加入流通。

In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended. 

在本案例中，耗費的資源是CPU時長和電力。

注：這裡重點講了位元幣到底從何而來。位元幣是以挖礦（mining）的形式來發行的，實際上，每一個區塊中記錄的第一筆交易規定為coinbase交易，即將一定數額的位元幣作為挖出該區塊礦工（miner）的獎勵。這筆特殊的交易是無中生有的，剛開始只是一個數字而已，而隨著支援這個網絡的礦工逐漸增多，這個數字被賦予了價值和流通的屬性，就成了幣。

The incentive can also be funded with transaction fees.

激勵也可以由交易費構成。

If the output value of a transaction is less than its input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the block containing the transaction. 

如果交易的輸出小於輸入，則差異部分將作為交易費新增到這筆交易的區塊激勵中。

Once a predetermined number of coins have entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely inflation free. 

一旦數量預先設定的幣全部進入流通，激勵將整個過渡到交易費上，並且完全不會通貨膨脹。

The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest.

激勵措施可能有助於鼓勵節點保持誠實。

If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins.

如果一個貪婪的攻擊者掌握了比城市節點更多的CPU算力，他將面臨抉擇：是用算力偷回已經支出的幣來騙人，還是用算力產生更多新幣。

He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth. 

他應該會發現遵守遊戲規則要比破環系統、破壞自己財富合法性更為划算，因為這些規矩惠贈於他的新幣比其他人加起來還要多。