uboot向kernel的傳參機制——bootm與tags
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最近閱讀程式碼學習了uboot boot kernel的過程以及uboot如何傳參給kernel,記錄下來,與大家共享:
U-boot版本:2014.4
Kernel版本:3.4.55
一 uboot 如何啟動 kernel
1 do_bootm
uboot下使用bootm命令啟動核心映象檔案uImage,uImage是在zImage頭添加了64位元組的映象資訊供uboot解析使用,具體這64位元組頭的內容,我們在分析bootm命令的時候就會一一說到,那直接來看bootm命令。
在common/cmd_bootm.c中
int do_bootm(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]) { #ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC static int relocated = 0; if (!relocated) { int i; /* relocate boot function table */ for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(boot_os); i++) if (boot_os[i] != NULL) boot_os[i] += gd->reloc_off; /* relocate names of sub-command table */ for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cmd_bootm_sub); i++) cmd_bootm_sub[i].name += gd->reloc_off; relocated = 1; } #endif /* determine if we have a sub command */ argc--; argv++; if (argc > 0) { char *endp; simple_strtoul(argv[0], &endp, 16); /* endp pointing to NULL means that argv[0] was just a * valid number, pass it along to the normal bootm processing * * If endp is ':' or '#' assume a FIT identifier so pass * along for normal processing. * * Right now we assume the first arg should never be '-' */ if ((*endp != 0) && (*endp != ':') && (*endp != '#')) return do_bootm_subcommand(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv); } return do_bootm_states(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, BOOTM_STATE_START | BOOTM_STATE_FINDOS | BOOTM_STATE_FINDOTHER | BOOTM_STATE_LOADOS | #if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_MIPS) BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE | #endif BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP | BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO | BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO, &images, 1); }
陣列boot_os是bootm最後階段啟動kernel時呼叫的函式陣列,CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC中的程式碼含義是將boot_os函式都進行偏移(uboot啟動中會將整個code拷貝到靠近sdram頂端的位置執行),
但是boot_os函式在uboot relocate時已經都拷貝了,所以感覺沒必要在進行relocate。這個巨集因此沒有定義,直接走下面。
新版uboot對於boot kernel實現了一個類似狀態機的機制,將整個過程分成很多個階段,uboot將每個階段稱為subcommand,
核心函式是do_bootm_states,需要執行哪個階段,就在do_bootm_states最後一個引數新增那個巨集定義,如: BOOTM_STATE_START
do_bootm_subcommand是按照bootm引數來指定執行某一個階段,也就是某一個subcommand
對於正常的uImage,bootm加tftp的load地址就可以。
2 do_bootm_states
這樣會走到最後函式do_bootm_states,那就來看看核心函式do_bootm_states
static int do_bootm_states(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[], int states, bootm_headers_t *images, int boot_progress) { boot_os_fn *boot_fn; ulong iflag = 0; int ret = 0, need_boot_fn; images->state |= states; /* * Work through the states and see how far we get. We stop on * any error. */ if (states & BOOTM_STATE_START) ret = bootm_start(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
引數中需要注意bootm_headers_t *images,這個引數用來儲存由image頭64位元組獲取到的的基本資訊。由do_bootm傳來的該引數是images,是一個全域性的靜態變數。
首先將states儲存在images的state中,因為states中有BOOTM_STATE_START,呼叫bootm_start.
3 第一階段:bootm_start
static int bootm_start(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]) { memset((void *)&images, 0, sizeof(images)); images.verify = getenv_yesno("verify"); boot_start_lmb(&images); bootstage_mark_name(BOOTSTAGE_ID_BOOTM_START, "bootm_start"); images.state = BOOTM_STATE_START; return 0; }
獲取verify,bootstage_mark_name標誌當前狀態為bootm start(bootstage_mark_name可以用於無串列埠除錯,在其中實現LED控制)。
boot_start_lmb暫時還沒弄明白,以後再搞清楚。
最後修改images.state為bootm start。
bootm_start主要工作是清空images,標誌當前狀態為bootm start。
4 第二階段:bootm_find_os
由bootm_start返回後,do_bootm傳了BOOTM_STATE_FINDOS,所以進入函式bootm_find_os
static int bootm_find_os(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]) { const void *os_hdr; /* get kernel image header, start address and length */ os_hdr = boot_get_kernel(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, &images, &images.os.image_start, &images.os.image_len); if (images.os.image_len == 0) { puts("ERROR: can't get kernel image!\n"); return 1; }
呼叫boot_get_kernel,函式較長,首先是獲取image的load地址,如果bootm有引數,就是img_addr,之後如下:
bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_CHECK_MAGIC); /* copy from dataflash if needed */ img_addr = genimg_get_image(img_addr); /* check image type, for FIT images get FIT kernel node */ *os_data = *os_len = 0; buf = map_sysmem(img_addr, 0);
首先標誌當前狀態,然後呼叫genimg_get_image,該函式會檢查當前的img_addr是否在sdram中,如果是在flash中,則拷貝到sdram中CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR處,修改img_addr為該地址。
這裡說明我們的image可以在flash中用bootm直接起
map_sysmem為空函式,buf即為img_addr。
switch (genimg_get_format(buf)) { case IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY: printf("## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at %08lx ...\n", img_addr); hdr = image_get_kernel(img_addr, images->verify); if (!hdr) return NULL; bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_CHECK_IMAGETYPE); /* get os_data and os_len */ switch (image_get_type(hdr)) { case IH_TYPE_KERNEL: case IH_TYPE_KERNEL_NOLOAD: *os_data = image_get_data(hdr); *os_len = image_get_data_size(hdr); break; case IH_TYPE_MULTI: image_multi_getimg(hdr, 0, os_data, os_len); break;
case IH_TYPE_STANDALONE: *os_data = image_get_data(hdr); *os_len = image_get_data_size(hdr); break; default: printf("Wrong Image Type for %s command\n", cmdtp->name); bootstage_error(BOOTSTAGE_ID_CHECK_IMAGETYPE); return NULL; } /* * copy image header to allow for image overwrites during * kernel decompression. */ memmove(&images->legacy_hdr_os_copy, hdr, sizeof(image_header_t)); /* save pointer to image header */ images->legacy_hdr_os = hdr; images->legacy_hdr_valid = 1; bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_DECOMP_IMAGE); break;
首先來說明一下image header的格式,在程式碼中由image_header_t代表,如下:
typedef struct image_header { __be32 ih_magic; /* Image Header Magic Number */ __be32 ih_hcrc; /* Image Header CRC Checksum */ __be32 ih_time; /* Image Creation Timestamp */ __be32 ih_size; /* Image Data Size */ __be32 ih_load; /* Data Load Address */ __be32 ih_ep; /* Entry Point Address */ __be32 ih_dcrc; /* Image Data CRC Checksum */ uint8_t ih_os; /* Operating System */ uint8_t ih_arch; /* CPU architecture */ uint8_t ih_type; /* Image Type */ uint8_t ih_comp; /* Compression Type */ uint8_t ih_name[IH_NMLEN]; /* Image Name */ } image_header_t;
genimg_get_format檢查img header的頭4個位元組,代表image的型別,有2種,legacy和FIT,這裡使用的legacy,頭4個位元組為0x27051956。
image_get_kernel則會來計算header的crc是否正確,然後獲取image的type,根據type來獲取os的len和data起始地址。
最後將hdr的資料拷貝到images的legacy_hdr_os_copy,防止kernel image在解壓是覆蓋掉hdr資料,儲存hdr指標到legacy_hdr_os中,置位legacy_hdr_valid。
從boot_get_kernel中返回到bootm_find_os,繼續往下:
switch (genimg_get_format(os_hdr)) { case IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY: images.os.type = image_get_type(os_hdr); images.os.comp = image_get_comp(os_hdr); images.os.os = image_get_os(os_hdr); images.os.end = image_get_image_end(os_hdr); images.os.load = image_get_load(os_hdr);
根據hdr獲取os的type,comp,os,end,load addr。
/* find kernel entry point */ if (images.legacy_hdr_valid) { images.ep = image_get_ep(&images.legacy_hdr_os_copy); } else { puts("Could not find kernel entry point!\n"); return 1; } if (images.os.type == IH_TYPE_KERNEL_NOLOAD) { images.os.load = images.os.image_start; images.ep += images.os.load; } images.os.start = (ulong)os_hdr;
獲取os的start。 到這裡bootm_find_os就結束了,主要工作是根據image的hdr來做crc,獲取一些基本的os資訊到images結構體中。
回到do_bootm_states中接下來呼叫bootm_find_other,
5 第三階段:bootm_find_other 該函式大體看一下,對於legacy型別的image,獲取查詢是否有ramdisk,此處我們沒有用單獨的ramdisk,ramdisk是直接編譯到kernel image中的。
回到do_bootm_states中接下來會呼叫bootm_load_os。
6 第四階段:bootm_load_os
static int bootm_load_os(bootm_headers_t *images, unsigned long *load_end, int boot_progress) { image_info_t os = images->os; uint8_t comp = os.comp; ulong load = os.load; ulong blob_start = os.start; ulong blob_end = os.end; ulong image_start = os.image_start; ulong image_len = os.image_len; __maybe_unused uint unc_len = CONFIG_SYS_BOOTM_LEN; int no_overlap = 0; void *load_buf, *image_buf; #if defined(CONFIG_LZMA) || defined(CONFIG_LZO) int ret; #endif /* defined(CONFIG_LZMA) || defined(CONFIG_LZO) */ const char *type_name = genimg_get_type_name(os.type); load_buf = map_sysmem(load, unc_len); image_buf = map_sysmem(image_start, image_len); switch (comp) { case IH_COMP_NONE: if (load == blob_start || load == image_start) { printf(" XIP %s ... ", type_name); no_overlap = 1; } else { printf(" Loading %s ... ", type_name); memmove_wd(load_buf, image_buf, image_len, CHUNKSZ); } *load_end = load + image_len; break;
#ifdef CONFIG_GZIP case IH_COMP_GZIP: printf(" Uncompressing %s ... ", type_name); if (gunzip(load_buf, unc_len, image_buf, &image_len) != 0) { puts("GUNZIP: uncompress, out-of-mem or overwrite " "error - must RESET board to recover\n"); if (boot_progress) bootstage_error(BOOTSTAGE_ID_DECOMP_IMAGE); return BOOTM_ERR_RESET; } *load_end = load + image_len; break; #endif /* CONFIG_GZIP */
load_buf是之前find_os是根據hdr獲取的load addr,image_buf是find_os獲取的image的開始地址(去掉64位元組頭)。
之後則是根據hdr的comp型別來解壓拷貝image到load addr上。
這裡就需要注意,kernel選項的壓縮格式必須在uboot下開啟相應的解壓縮支援,或者就不進行壓縮
這裡還有一點,load addr與image add是否可以重疊,看程式碼感覺是可以重疊的,還需要實際測試一下。
回到do_bootm_states,接下來根據os從boot_os陣列中獲取到了相應的os boot func,這裡是linux,則是do_bootm_linux。後面程式碼如下:
/* Call various other states that are not generally used */ if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE)) ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE, argc, argv, images); if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T)) ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T, argc, argv, images); if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP)) ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP, argc, argv, images); 。。。。 /* Check for unsupported subcommand. */ if (ret) { puts("subcommand not supported\n"); return ret; } /* Now run the OS! We hope this doesn't return */ if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO)) ret = boot_selected_os(argc, argv, BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO, images, boot_fn);
這時do_bootm最後的程式碼,如果正常,boot kernel之後就不應該回來了。states中定義了BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP(對於mips處理器會使用BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE),呼叫do_bootm_linux,如下:
int do_bootm_linux(int flag, int argc, char *argv[], bootm_headers_t *images) { /* No need for those on ARM */ if (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T || flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE) return -1; if (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP) { boot_prep_linux(images); return 0; } if (flag & (BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO | BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO)) { boot_jump_linux(images, flag); return 0; } boot_prep_linux(images); boot_jump_linux(images, flag); return 0; }
do_bootm_linux實現跟do_bootm類似,也是根據flag分階段執行subcommand,這裡會調到boot_prep_linux。
7 第五階段:boot_prep_linux
該函式作用是為啟動後的kernel準備引數,這個函式我們在第三部分uboot如何傳參給kernel再仔細分析一下
boot_prep_linux完成返回到do_bootm_states後接下來就是最後一步了。執行boot_selected_os呼叫do_bootm_linux,flag為BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO,則呼叫boot_jump_linux
8 第六階段:boot_jump_linux
unsigned long machid = gd->bd->bi_arch_number; char *s; void (*kernel_entry)(int zero, int arch, uint params); unsigned long r2; int fake = (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO); kernel_entry = (void (*)(int, int, uint))images->ep; s = getenv("machid"); if (s) { strict_strtoul(s, 16, &machid); printf("Using machid 0x%lx from environment\n", machid); } debug("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %08lx)" \ "...\n", (ulong) kernel_entry); bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_RUN_OS); announce_and_cleanup(fake); if (IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT && images->ft_len) r2 = (unsigned long)images->ft_addr; else r2 = gd->bd->bi_boot_params; if (!fake) kernel_entry(0, machid, r2);
boot_jump_linux主體函式如上
獲取gd->bd->bi_arch_number為machid,如果有env則用env的machid,kernel_entry為之前由hdr獲取的ep,也就是核心的入口地址。
fake為0,直接呼叫kernel_entry,引數1為0,引數2為machid,引數3為bi_boot_params。
這之後就進入了kernel的執行流程啟動,就不會再回到uboot
這整個boot過程中bootm_images_t一直作為對image資訊的全域性儲存結構。
三 uboot如何傳參給kernel
uboot下的傳參機制就直接來分析boot_prep_linux函式就可以了,如下:
static void boot_prep_linux(bootm_headers_t *images) { char *commandline = getenv("bootargs"); if (IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT && images->ft_len) { #ifdef CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT debug("using: FDT\n"); if (image_setup_linux(images)) { printf("FDT creation failed! hanging..."); hang(); } #endif } else if (BOOTM_ENABLE_TAGS) { debug("using: ATAGS\n"); setup_start_tag(gd->bd); if (BOOTM_ENABLE_SERIAL_TAG) setup_serial_tag(¶ms); if (BOOTM_ENABLE_CMDLINE_TAG) setup_commandline_tag(gd->bd, commandline); if (BOOTM_ENABLE_REVISION_TAG) setup_revision_tag(¶ms); if (BOOTM_ENABLE_MEMORY_TAGS) setup_memory_tags(gd->bd); if (BOOTM_ENABLE_INITRD_TAG) { if (images->rd_start && images->rd_end) { setup_initrd_tag(gd->bd, images->rd_start, images->rd_end); } } setup_board_tags(¶ms); setup_end_tag(gd->bd); } else { printf("FDT and ATAGS support not compiled in - hanging\n"); hang(); } do_nonsec_virt_switch(); }
首先獲取出環境變數bootargs,這就是要傳遞給kernel的引數。 在配置檔案中定義了CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG以及CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS,根據arch/arm/include/asm/bootm.h,則會定義BOOTM_ENABLE_TAGS,首先呼叫setup_start_tag,如下:
static void setup_start_tag (bd_t *bd) { params = (struct tag *)bd->bi_boot_params; params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CORE; params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_core); params->u.core.flags = 0; params->u.core.pagesize = 0; params->u.core.rootdev = 0; params = tag_next (params); }
params是一個全域性靜態變數用來儲存要傳給kernel的引數,這裡bd->bi_boot_params的值賦給params,因此bi_boot_params需要進行初始化,從而將params放在一個合理的記憶體區域。 這裡params為struct tag的結構,如下:
struct tag { struct tag_header hdr; union { struct tag_core core; struct tag_mem32 mem; struct tag_videotext videotext; struct tag_ramdisk ramdisk; struct tag_initrd initrd; struct tag_serialnr serialnr; struct tag_revision revision; struct tag_videolfb videolfb; struct tag_cmdline cmdline; /* * Acorn specific */ struct tag_acorn acorn; /* * DC21285 specific */ struct tag_memclk memclk; } u; };
tag包括hdr和各種型別的tag_*,hdr來標誌當前的tag是哪種型別的tag。 setup_start_tag是初始化了第一個tag,是tag_core型別的tag。最後呼叫tag_next跳到第一個tag末尾,為下一個tag做準備。
回到boot_prep_linux,接下來呼叫setup_commandline_tag,如下:
static void setup_commandline_tag(bd_t *bd, char *commandline) { char *p; if (!commandline) return; /* eat leading white space */ for (p = commandline; *p == ' '; p++); /* skip non-existent command lines so the kernel will still * use its default command line. */ if (*p == '\0') return; params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CMDLINE; params->hdr.size = (sizeof (struct tag_header) + strlen (p) + 1 + 4) >> 2; strcpy (params->u.cmdline.cmdline, p); params = tag_next (params); }
該函式設定第二個tag的hdr.tag為ATAG_CMDLINE,然後拷貝cmdline到tags的cmdline結構體中,跳到下一個tag。
回到boot_prep_linux,呼叫setup_memory_tag,如下:
static void setup_memory_tags(bd_t *bd) { int i; for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS; i++) { params->hdr.tag = ATAG_MEM; params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_mem32); params->u.mem.start = bd->bi_dram[i].start; params->u.mem.size = bd->bi_dram[i].size; params = tag_next (params); } }
過程類似,將第三個tag設為ATAG_MEM,將mem的start,size儲存在此處,如果有多片ram(CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS > 1),則將下一個tag儲存下一片ram的資訊,依次類推。
回到boot_prep_linux中,呼叫setup_board_tags,這個函式是__weak屬性,我們可以在自己的板級檔案中去實現來儲存跟板子相關的引數,如果沒有實現,則是空函式。
最後呼叫setup_end_tags,如下:
static void setup_end_tag(bd_t *bd) { params->hdr.tag = ATAG_NONE; params->hdr.size = 0; }
最後將最末尾的tag設定為ATAG_NONE,標誌tag結束。
這樣整個引數的準備就結束了,最後在呼叫boot_jump_linux時會將tags的首地址也就是bi_boot_params傳給kernel,供kernel來解析這些tag,kernel如何解析看第四部分kenrel如何找到並解析引數
總結一下,uboot將引數以tag陣列的形式佈局在記憶體的某一個地址,每個tag代表一種型別的引數,首尾tag標誌開始和結束,首地址傳給kernel供其解析。
四 kernel如何找到並解析引數
uboot在呼叫boot_jump_linux時最後kernel_entry(0, machid, r2);
按照二進位制規範eabi,machid存在暫存器r1,r2即tag的首地址存在暫存器r2.
檢視kernel的入口函式,在arch/arm/kernel/head.S,中可以看到如下一段彙編:
/* * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb, * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo */ bl __vet_atags
可以看出kernel剛啟動會呼叫__vet_atags來處理uboot傳來的引數,如下:
__vet_atags: tst r2, #0x3 @ aligned? bne 1f ldr r5, [r2, #0] #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE ldr r6, =OF_DT_MAGIC @ is it a DTB? cmp r5, r6 beq 2f #endif cmp r5, #ATAG_CORE_SIZE @ is first tag ATAG_CORE? cmpne r5, #ATAG_CORE_SIZE_EMPTY bne 1f ldr r5, [r2, #4] ldr r6, =ATAG_CORE cmp r5, r6 bne 1f 2: mov pc, lr @ atag/dtb pointer is ok 1: mov r2, #0 mov pc, lr ENDPROC(__vet_atags)
主要是對tag進行了一個簡單的校驗,檢視tag頭4個位元組(tag_core的size)和第二個4位元組(tag_core的type)。
之後對引數的真正分析處理是在start_kernel的setup_arch中,在arch/arm/kernel/setup.c中,如下:
void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) { struct machine_desc *mdesc; setup_processor(); mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer); if (!mdesc) mdesc = setup_machine_tags(machine_arch_type); machine_desc = mdesc; machine_name = mdesc->name; #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) { extern unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size; arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size; } #endif if (mdesc->restart_mode) reboot_setup(&mdesc->restart_mode); init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text; init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext; init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata; init_mm.brk = (unsigned long) _end; /* populate cmd_line too for later use, preserving boot_command_line */ strlcpy(cmd_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); *cmdline_p = cmd_line; parse_early_param();
關鍵函式是setup_machine_tags,如下:
static struct machine_desc * __init setup_machine_tags(unsigned int nr) { struct tag *tags = (struct tag *)&init_tags; struct machine_desc *mdesc = NULL, *p; char *from = default_command_line; 。。。。 if (__atags_pointer) tags = phys_to_virt(__atags_pointer); else if (mdesc->atag_offset) tags = (void *)(PAGE_OFFSET + mdesc->atag_offset); 。。。。。 if (tags->hdr.tag == ATAG_CORE) { if (meminfo.nr_banks != 0) squash_mem_tags(tags); save_atags(tags); parse_tags(tags); } /* parse_early_param needs a boot_command_line */ strlcpy(boot_command_line, from, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 。。。 }
首先回去獲取tags的首地址,如果收個tag是ATAG_CORE型別,則會呼叫save_atags拷貝一份tags,最後呼叫parse_tags來分析這個tag list,如下:
static int __init parse_tag(const struct tag *tag) { extern struct tagtable __tagtable_begin, __tagtable_end; struct tagtable *t; for (t = &__tagtable_begin; t < &__tagtable_end; t++) if (tag->hdr.tag == t->tag) { t->parse(tag); break; } return t < &__tagtable_end; } /* * Parse all tags in the list, checking both the global and architecture * specific tag tables. */ static void __init parse_tags(const struct tag *t) { for (; t->hdr.size; t = tag_next(t)) if (!parse_tag(t)) printk(KERN_WARNING "Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x%08x\n", t->hdr.tag); }
遍歷tags list,找到在tagstable中匹配的處理函式(hdr.tag一致),來處理響應的tag。
這個tagtable的處理函式是在呼叫__tagtable來註冊的,如下:
static int __init parse_tag_cmdline(const struct tag *tag) { #if defined(CONFIG_CMDLINE_EXTEND) strlcat(default_command_line, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); strlcat(default_command_line, tag->u.cmdline.cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); #elif defined(CONFIG_CMDLINE_FORCE) pr_warning("Ignoring tag cmdline (using the default kernel command line)\n"); #else strlcpy(default_command_line, tag->u.cmdline.cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); #endif return 0; } __tagtable(ATAG_CMDLINE, parse_tag_cmdline);
看這個對cmdline型別的tag的處理,就是將tag中的cmdline拷貝到default_command_line中。還有其他如mem型別的引數也會註冊這個處理函式,來匹配處理響應的tag。這裡就先以cmdline的tag為例。
這樣遍歷並處理完tags list之後回到setup_machine_tags,將from(即default_command_line)中的cmdline拷貝到boot_command_line,
最後返回到setup_arch中,
/* populate cmd_line too for later use, preserving boot_command_line */ strlcpy(cmd_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); *cmdline_p = cmd_line; parse_early_param();
將boot_command_line拷貝到start_kernel給setup_arch的cmdline_p中,這裡中間拷貝的boot_command_line是給parse_early_param來做一個早期的引數分析的。
到這裡kernel就完全接收並分析完成了uboot傳過來的args。
簡單的講,uboot利用函式指標及傳參規範,它將
l R0: 0x0 l R1: 機器號 l R2: 引數地址 三個引數傳遞給核心。
其中,R2暫存器傳遞的是一個指標,這個指標指向一個TAG區域。
UBOOT和Linux核心之間正是通過這個擴充套件了的TAG區域來進行復雜引數的傳遞,如 command line,檔案系統資訊等等,使用者也可以擴充套件這個TAG來進行更多引數的傳遞。TAG區域的首地址,正是R2的值。
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/skyflying2012/article/details/35787971