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多執行緒爬蟲案例

Queue(佇列物件)

Queue是python中的標準庫,可以直接import Queue引用;佇列是執行緒間最常用的交換資料的形式

python下多執行緒的思考

對於資源,加鎖是個重要的環節。因為python原生的list,dict等,都是not thread safe的。而Queue,是執行緒安全的,因此在滿足使用條件下,建議使用佇列

  1. 初始化: class Queue.Queue(maxsize) FIFO 先進先出

  2. 包中的常用方法:

    • Queue.qsize() 返回佇列的大小

    • Queue.empty() 如果佇列為空,返回True,反之False

    • Queue.full() 如果佇列滿了,返回True,反之False

    • Queue.full 與 maxsize 大小對應

    • Queue.get([block[, timeout]])獲取佇列,timeout等待時間

  3. 建立一個“佇列”物件

    • import Queue
    • myqueue = Queue.Queue(maxsize = 10)
  4. 將一個值放入佇列中

    • myqueue.put(10)
  5. 將一個值從佇列中取出

    • myqueue.get()

示例程式碼:

import requests
from lxml import etree
import json
from queue import Queue
import threading

class Qiubai:
    def __init__(self):
        self.headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_5) AppleWeb\
            Kit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36"}
        self.url_queue = Queue()   #例項化三個佇列,用來存放內容
        self.html_queue =Queue()
        self.content_queue = Queue()


    def get_total_url(self):
        '''
        獲取了所有的頁面url,並且返回urllist
        return :list
        '''
        url_temp = 'https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/{}/'
        url_list = []
        for i in range(1,36):
            # url_list.append(url_temp.format(i))
            self.url_queue.put(url_temp.format(i))

    def parse_url(self):
        '''
        一個傳送請求,獲取響應,同時etree處理html
        '''
        while self.url_queue.not_empty:
            url = self.url_queue.get()
            print("parsing url:",url)
            response = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers,timeout=10) #傳送請求
            html = response.content.decode() #獲取html字串
            html = etree.HTML(html) #獲取element 型別的html
            self.html_queue.put(html)
            self.url_queue.task_done()

    def get_content(self):
        '''
        :param url:
        :return: 一個list,包含一個url對應頁面的所有段子的所有內容的列表
        '''
        while self.html_queue.not_empty:
            html = self.html_queue.get()
            total_div = html.xpath('//div[@class="article block untagged mb15"]') #返回divelememtn的一個列表
            items = []
            for i in total_div: #遍歷div標槍,獲取糗事百科每條的內容的全部資訊
                author_img = i.xpath('./div[@class="author clearfix"]/a[1]/img/@src')
                author_img = "https:" + author_img[0] if len(author_img) > 0 else None
                author_name = i.xpath('./div[@class="author clearfix"]/a[2]/h2/text()')
                author_name = author_name[0] if len(author_name) > 0 else None
                author_href = i.xpath('./div[@class="author clearfix"]/a[1]/@href')
                author_href = "https://www.qiushibaike.com" + author_href[0] if len(author_href) > 0 else None
                author_gender = i.xpath('./div[@class="author clearfix"]//div/@class')
                author_gender = author_gender[0].split(" ")[-1].replace("Icon", "") if len(author_gender) > 0 else None
                author_age = i.xpath('./div[@class="author clearfix"]//div/text()')
                author_age = author_age[0] if len(author_age) > 0 else None
                content = i.xpath('./a[@class="contentHerf"]/div/span/text()')
                content_vote = i.xpath('./div[@class="stats"]/span[1]/i/text()')
                content_vote = content_vote[0] if len(content_vote) > 0 else None
                content_comment_numbers = i.xpath('./div[@class="stats"]/span[2]/a/i/text()')
                content_comment_numbers = content_comment_numbers[0] if len(content_comment_numbers) > 0 else None
                hot_comment_author = i.xpath('./a[@class="indexGodCmt"]/div/span[last()]/text()')
                hot_comment_author = hot_comment_author[0] if len(hot_comment_author) > 0 else None
                hot_comment = i.xpath('./a[@class="indexGodCmt"]/div/div/text()')
                hot_comment = hot_comment[0].replace("\n:", "").replace("\n", "") if len(hot_comment) > 0 else None
                hot_comment_like_num = i.xpath('./a[@class="indexGodCmt"]/div/div/div/text()')
                hot_comment_like_num = hot_comment_like_num[-1].replace("\n", "") if len(hot_comment_like_num) > 0 else None
                item = dict(
                    author_name=author_name,
                    author_img=author_img,
                    author_href=author_href,
                    author_gender=author_gender,
                    author_age=author_age,
                    content=content,
                    content_vote=content_vote,
                    content_comment_numbers=content_comment_numbers,
                    hot_comment=hot_comment,
                    hot_comment_author=hot_comment_author,
                    hot_comment_like_num=hot_comment_like_num
                )
                items.append(item)
            self.content_queue.put(items)
            self.html_queue.task_done()  #task_done的時候,佇列計數減一

    def save_items(self):
        '''
        儲存items
        :param items:列表
        '''
        while self.content_queue.not_empty:
            items = self.content_queue.get()
            f = open("qiubai.txt","a")
            for i in items:
                json.dump(i,f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=2)
                # f.write(json.dumps(i))
            f.close()
            self.content_queue.task_done()

    def run(self):
        # 1.獲取url list
        # url_list = self.get_total_url()
        thread_list = []
        thread_url = threading.Thread(target=self.get_total_url)
        thread_list.append(thread_url)
        #傳送網路請求
        for i in range(10):
            thread_parse = threading.Thread(target=self.parse_url)
            thread_list.append(thread_parse)
        #提取資料
        thread_get_content = threading.Thread(target=self.get_content)
        thread_list.append(thread_get_content)
        #儲存
        thread_save = threading.Thread(target=self.save_items)
        thread_list.append(thread_save)
        for t in thread_list:
            t.setDaemon(True)  #為每個程序設定為後臺程序,效果是主程序退出子程序也會退出
            t.start()          #為了解決程式結束無法退出的問題
        #
        # for t in thread_list:
        #     t.join()

        self.url_queue.join()   #讓主執行緒等待,所有的佇列為空的時候才能退出
        self.html_queue.join()
        self.content_queue.join()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    qiubai = Qiubai()
    qiubai.run()