super（Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. ）用來引用父類的方法

格式如下：

  super([type[, object-or-type]])

設計的時候要保障

• the method being called by super() needs to exist
• the caller and callee need to have a matching argument signature
• and every occurrence of the method needs to use super()

對於1

class Root:
    def draw(self):
        # the delegation chain stops here
        assert not hasattr(super(), 'draw')


class Shape(Root):
    def __init__(self, shapename, **kwds):
        self.shapename = shapename
        super().__init__(**kwds)

    def draw(self):
        print('Drawing.  Setting shape to:', self.shapename)
        super().draw()


class ColoredShape(Shape):
    def __init__(self, color, **kwds):
        self.color = color
        super().__init__(**kwds)

    def draw(self):
        print('Drawing.  Setting color to:', self.color)
        super().draw()


cs = ColoredShape(color='blue', shapename='square')
cs.draw()
 

對於2

class Shape:
    def __init__(self, shapename, **kwds):
        self.shapename = shapename
        super().__init__(**kwds)


class ColoredShape(Shape):
    def __init__(self, color, **kwds):
        self.color = color
        super().__init__(**kwds)


cs = ColoredShape(color='red', shapename='circle')
 

整合現有的不能合作的類，設計adapter模式：

class Moveable:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def draw(self):
        print('Drawing at position:', self.x, self.y)


# adapter
class MoveableAdapter(Root):
    def __init__(self, x, y, **kwds):
        self.movable = Moveable(x, y)
        super().__init__(**kwds)

    def draw(self):
        self.movable.draw()
        super().draw()


class MovableColoredShape(ColoredShape, MoveableAdapter):
    pass


MovableColoredShape(color='red', shapename='triangle',
                    x=10, y=20).draw()

參考