目錄

• 1 建立索引
• 2 檢視索引
• 3 修改索引
• 4 刪除索引

1 建立索引

• 建立語法:

  PUT index
  {
      "settings": { ... any settings ... },
      "mappings": {
          "type1": { ... any mappings ... },
          "type2": { ... any mappings ... },
          ...
      }
  }

• 建立示例:

  PUT address
  {
      "settings": {
          "number_of_shards": 1,        // 預設分片數為5 (複製時請去掉註釋)
        "number_of_replicas": 0         // 預設副本數為1
      },
      "mappings": {
        "province": {
            "properties": {
                "description": {
                    "type": "text"
                }
                }
        }
        }
  }
   
  

• 響應資訊:

  {
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "address"
  }

2 檢視索引

• 檢視示例:

  GET address
  
  // 也可同時檢視多個索引, 類似於刪除操作: 
  GET *
  GET _all
  GET index_*
  GET address,shop
  
  // 也可指定返回某些指定項的結果:
  GET address/_settings,_mappings

• 棄用提示: 檢視索引時, 若通過","分隔要返回的結果, Elasticsearch將丟擲如下錯誤:

  #! Deprecation: Requesting comma-separated features is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0+, retrieve all features instead.

  意為: Elasticsearch不推薦使用逗號分隔功能, 將在6.0+中刪除. 建議不要使用",", 而是直接檢索全部資料, 或檢索某一項的結果.

• 響應資訊:

  {
    "address": {
      "aliases": {},
      "mappings": {
        "province": {
          "properties": {
            "description": {
              "type": "text"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "settings": {
        "index": {
          "creation_date": "1542108754899",
          "number_of_shards": "1",
          "number_of_replicas": "0",
          "uuid": "MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw",
          "version": {
            "created": "5061099"
          },
          "provided_name": "address"
        }
      }
    }
  }
   
  

• 索引不存在異常:

  如果要檢視的索引不存在, 將丟擲如下異常資訊:

  {
    "error": {
      "root_cause": [
        {
          "type": "index_not_found_exception",
          "reason": "no such index",
          "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
          "resource.id": "addre",
          "index_uuid": "_na_",
          "index": "addre"
        }
      ],
      "type": "index_not_found_exception",
      "reason": "no such index",
      "resource.type": "index_or_alias",
      "resource.id": "addre",
      "index_uuid": "_na_",
      "index": "addre"
    },
    "status": 404
  }

3 修改索引

• 修改示例:

  PUT address/_settings
  {
      "number_of_replicas": 1       // number_of_shards引數只能在建立索引時設定, 不支援修改
  }

4 刪除索引

刪除索引需要指明索引名稱、別名或萬用字元.

Elasticsearch支援同時刪除多個索引, 或使用 _all 或 萬用字元* 刪除全部索引.

• 刪除示例:

  DELETE address            // 刪除指定索引
  DELETE index1,index2      // 刪除多個索引
  DELETE index_*            // 按萬用字元刪除以'index_'開頭的索引
  DELETE _all               // 刪除全部索引

• 為避免誤刪除全部索引, 可在配置檔案elasticsearch.yml中作如下配置:

  action.destructive_requires_name: true  # 要求操作索引時必須指定索引的名稱

5 開啟/關閉索引

只能關閉一個開啟的索引;

只能開啟一個已經關閉的索引;

關閉的索引只能顯示索引元資料, 不能進行讀寫操作.

• 操作示例:

  POST address/_close
  POST address/_open
  
  // 可以使用_all開啟或關閉全部索引, 也可使用萬用字元(*)配合操作

• 注意事項:

  • 修改已經關閉了的索引, 將丟擲如下錯誤:

    {
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason": "Can't update [index.number_of_replicas] on closed indices [[address/MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw]] - can leave index in an unopenable state"
          }
        ],
        "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason": "Can't update [index.number_of_replicas] on closed indices [[address/MMpLNHzZR8K1k48rJplWVw]] - can leave index in an unopenable state"
      },
      "status": 400
    }

  • 使用_all或萬用字元標註索引的操作, 也會受到[刪除索引]中 action.destructive_requires_name=true 的限制.

  • 關閉的索引會繼續佔用磁碟空間, 卻又不能使用 —— 造成磁碟空間的浪費.

  • 可以在配置檔案中禁止使用關閉索引的功能: settingscluster.indices.close.enable=true, 預設為true, 即開啟

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作者: ma_shoufeng(馬瘦風)

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