6.Spring RabbitMQ整合實現案例之 非同步郵件傳送
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-21
摘要：給使用者傳送郵件的場景，其實也是比較常見的，比如使用者註冊需要郵箱驗證，使用者異地登入傳送郵件通知等等，在這裡我以 RabbitMQ 實現非同步傳送郵件。
專案git地址：https://github.com/gitcaiqing/RabbitMQ-Email
1.專案結構
2.構建專案
建立maven專案，引入jar包，pom.xml配置如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.sc</groupId> <artifactId>RabbitMQ-Emali</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version> <shiro.version>1.2.3</shiro.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--rabbitmq包 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>3.4.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- spring mail需要的jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.mail</groupId> <artifactId>mail</artifactId> <version>1.4.7</version> </dependency> <!-- spring核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log4j --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.7</version> </dependency> <!-- servlet --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- json --> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.9.13</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3.專案配置,著重實現郵件傳送，配置簡化處理
3.1 RabbitMQ和郵件地址配置config->config.properties
#RabbitMQ 連線配置
rmq.host=127.0.0.1
rmq.port=5672
rmq.user=guest
rmq.password=guest
rmq.channelCacheSize=25
rmq.virtual=/
#郵件傳送配置
# 163 mail server
mail.protocol=smtp
mail.port=25
mail.host=smtp.163.com
#傳送郵件的郵箱地址賬號資訊
[email protected] 3.2 spring 配置spring->applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd"> <!--引入配置屬性檔案 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:config/*.properties" /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.sc"/> </beans>
3.3 spring郵件配置spring->spring-mail.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.4.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
<description>Spring 郵件傳送bean配置</description>
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="${mail.host}"></property>
<property name="port" value="${mail.port}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${mail.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${mail.password}"></property>
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.timeout">25000</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.socketFactory.class">javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory</prop>
<!-- 如果是網易郵箱， mail.smtp.starttls.enable 設定為 false-->
<prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.enable">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3.4 RabbitMQ配置郵件配置spring-rabbitmq.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.4.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
<description>Spring RabbitMQ 路由模式（Routing）配置</description>
<!--引入配置屬性檔案 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/*.properties" />
<!-- 配置RabbitMQ連線 -->
<!-- channel-cache-size，channel的快取數量，預設值為25 -->
<!-- cache-mode，快取連線模式，預設值為CHANNEL(單個connection連線，連線之後關閉，自動銷燬) -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rmq.host}" port="${rmq.port}"
username="${rmq.user}" password="${rmq.password}" virtual-host="${rmq.virtual}" channel-cache-size="${rmq.channelCacheSize}" cache-mode="CHANNEL"/>
<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
<!--
定義訊息佇列
durable:是否持久化，如果想在RabbitMQ退出或崩潰的時候，不失去queue和訊息，需要同時標誌佇列(queue)
和交換機(exchange)持久化，即rabbit:queue標籤和rabbit:direct-exchange中的durable=true,而訊息(message)
預設是持久化的，可以看類org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties中的屬性
public static final MessageDeliveryMode DEFAULT_DELIVERY_MODE = MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT;
auto_delete: 當所有消費客戶端連線斷開後，是否自動刪除佇列
exclusive: 僅建立者可以使用的私有佇列，斷開後自動刪除；
-->
<rabbit:queue id="emailqueue" name="SpringRabbit-Email-Queue" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false"/>
<!--
繫結佇列
rabbitmq的exchangeType常用的三種模式：direct，fanout，topic三種,此處為direct模式，即rabbit:direct-exchange標籤，
Direct交換器很簡單，如果是Direct型別，就會將訊息中的RoutingKey與該Exchange關聯的所有Binding中的BindingKey進行比較，如果相等，
則傳送到該Binding對應的Queue中。有一個需要注意的地方：如果找不到指定的exchange，就會報錯。
但routing key找不到的話，不會報錯，這條訊息會直接丟失，所以此處要小心,
auto-delete:自動刪除，如果為Yes，則該交換機所有佇列queue刪除後，自動刪除交換機，預設為false
-->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="SpringRabbit-Email-Exchange" durable="true" auto-declare="true" auto-delete="false">
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="emailqueue" key="info"></rabbit:binding>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
<!-- spring template宣告 -->
<rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" exchange="SpringRabbit-Email-Exchange"></rabbit:template>
<!-- 消費者 -->
<bean id="consumer" class="com.sc.consumer.Consumer"/>
<!-- 佇列監聽-->
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="manual">
<rabbit:listener queues="emailqueue" ref="consumer" />
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
3.5 spring mvc配置servlet->spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 自動掃描，只掃描Controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sc">
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 啟用spring mvc 註解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 試圖解析後臺 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
<property name="order" value="1" />
</bean>
</beans>
3.6 web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name>RabbitMQ-Emali</display-name>
<!-- 配置檔案 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value> classpath*:spring/*.xml,classpath*:servlet/*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Spring監聽器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 編碼過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:servlet/*.xml
</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
4.建立使用者物件entity->user
簡單建立使用者物件包含使用者名稱，密碼，郵箱屬性
package com.sc.entity;
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String username;
private String pwd;
private String email;
public User(String username, String pwd, String email) {
super();
this.username = username;
this.pwd = pwd;
this.email = email;
}
public String getUsername() {return username;}
public String getPwd() {return pwd;}
public String getEmail() {return email;}
public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {this.pwd = pwd;}
public void setEmail(String email) {this.email = email;}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [username=" + username + ", pwd=" + pwd + ", email=" + email + "]";
}
}
5.郵件傳送服務及其實現（生產者端）
package com.sc.service;
import com.sc.entity.User;
public interface MailSendService {
void sendMail(User user);
}
實現類
package com.sc.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.sc.entity.User;
import com.sc.service.MailSendService;
@Service
public class MailSendServiceImpl implements MailSendService {
@Autowired
private MailSender mailSender;
/**
* 傳送郵件
*/
@Override
public void sendMail(User use) {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom("[email protected]");
message.setTo(use.getEmail());
message.setSubject(use.getUsername());
//這裡暫時已使用者名稱作為傳送的內容
message.setText(use.getUsername());
mailSender.send(message);
}
}
6.使用者登入業務中郵件資訊釋出
這裡可忽略登入業務，這裡其實就是代指一個業務入口，簡單處理。主要關注產生郵件資訊
package com.sc.service;
public interface UserService {
//登陸
void login(String username, String pwd, String email);
}
實現類
package com.sc.service.impl;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.sc.entity.User;
import com.sc.service.UserService;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Override
public void login(String username, String pwd, String email) {
//TODO 執行登陸的業務邏輯，這裡主要是介紹訊息佇列傳送郵件，這裡就忽略
User user = new User(username, pwd, email);
//這裡將使用者物件作為佇列訊息傳送
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("info", user);
}
}
7消費者端消費資訊，即實現郵件的非同步傳送
package com.sc.consumer;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.utils.SerializationUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.sc.entity.User;
import com.sc.service.MailSendService;
/**
* 消費的消費者 實現 MessageListener或ChannelAwareMessageListener(需手動確認的實現此介面)
*/
public class Consumer implements ChannelAwareMessageListener{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Consumer.class);
@Autowired
private MailSendService mailSendService;
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
try {
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"))) {
return;
}
User user = (User) SerializationUtils.deserialize(message.getBody());
log.info("消費者消費{}",user);
//傳送郵件
mailSendService.sendMail(user);
//手動確認
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
8.編寫Controller層的介面測試
package com.sc.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.sc.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserLoginController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public boolean login(String username,String pwd,String email) {
//這裡簡單模擬正常註冊，沒有資料庫互動
//執行註冊邏輯
userService.login(username,pwd,email);
return true;
}
}