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SpringBoot應用啟動過程分析

table startup tco out 是否 unable 信息 ntb create

真的好奇害死貓!之前寫過幾個SpringBoot應用,但是一直沒搞明白應用到底是怎麽啟動的,心裏一直有點膈應。好吧,趁有空去看了下源碼,寫下這篇博客作為學習記錄吧!
個人拙見,若哪裏有理解不對的地方,請各路大神指正,小弟不勝感激!

一.應用啟動類

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

開發SpirngBoot應用時,入口類就這簡單的幾行。但是卻完成了N多服務的初始化、加載和發布。那麽這幾行代碼究竟幹了什麽呢,SpringBoot應用到底是怎麽啟動的。

二.@SpringBootApplication註解

2.1.SpringBootApplication註解

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@SpringBootApplication=@SpringBootConfiguration+@EnableAutoConfiguration+@ComponentScan

2.2.@SpringBootConfiguration

/**
 * Indicates that a class Spring Boot application
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an alternative to the Spring‘s
 * standard {@code @Configuration} annotation so that configuration can be found
 * automatically (for example in tests).
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {

}

SpringBootConfiguration註解和Spring的@Configuration註解作用一樣。標註當前類是配置類,並會將當前類內聲明的一個或多個以@Bean註解標記的方法的實例納入到spring容器中。比如容器加載時,會生成Hello的Bean加載到IOC容器中。

@SpringBootConfiguration
public class ExampleConfig {
    @Bean
    public void Hello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

2.3.@EnableAutoConfiguration

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

}

這個註解是SpringBoot能進行自動配置的關鍵。@Import註解用於導入配置類,我們看下導入類EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector。容器刷新時,會調用AutoConfigurationImportSelector類的selectImports方法,掃描META-INF/spring.factories文件自動配置類(key為EnableAutoConfiguration),然後Spring容器處理配置類。(對Spring的一些加載過程不清晰,我是相當的迷啊)

2.4.@ComponentScan

@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
/**
 * Configures component scanning directives for use with @{@link Configuration} classes.
 * Provides support parallel with Spring XML‘s {@code <context:component-scan>} element.
 *
 * <p>Either {@link #basePackageClasses} or {@link #basePackages} (or its alias
 * {@link #value}) may be specified to define specific packages to scan. If specific
 * packages are not defined, scanning will occur from the package of the
 * class that declares this annotation.
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan 

@ComponentScan掃描指定的包路徑,若未指定包路徑,則以聲明這個註解的類作為基本包路徑。比如@SpringBootApplication就沒有指定包路徑,則DemoApplication的包路徑將作為掃描的基本包路徑,因此強烈建議將主類放在頂層目錄下。

excludeFilters屬性指定哪些類型不符合組件掃描的條件,會在掃描的時候過濾掉。

@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class)

比如上面這段代碼。@Filter聲明了過濾器類型類為自定義類型(需要實現TypeFilter接口),過濾器為AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter。當match方法為true,返回掃描類對象,否則過濾掉。但是要註意@ComponentScan的key為excludeFilters,因此這些類型將在包掃描的時候過濾掉,也就是說,ComponentScan在掃描時,發現當前掃描類滿足macth的條件(match返回true),是不會將該類加載到容器的。

    //metadataReader  表示讀取到的當前正在掃描的類的信息
    //metadataReaderFactory 表示可以獲得到其他任何類的信息
    @Override
    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader,
            MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
        return isConfiguration(metadataReader) && isAutoConfiguration(metadataReader);
    }
    //該類是帶有Configuration註解的配置類
    private boolean isConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
        return metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata()
                .isAnnotated(Configuration.class.getName());
    }
    //該類是否為spring.factory配置的自動配置類
    private boolean isAutoConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
        return getAutoConfigurations()
                .contains(metadataReader.getClassMetadata().getClassName());
    }

三.run(DemoApplication.class, args)解析

3.1.進入SpringApplication

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources,
      String[] args) {
   return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
}

我們根據DemoApplication跟進代碼,發現其調用的SpringApplication類的run方法。這個方法就幹了2件事:一是創建SpringApplication對象,二是啟動SpringApplication。

3.2.SpringApplication構造器分析

1.構造器

public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
    this(null, primarySources);
}
/**
* Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
* beans from the specified primary sources
*/
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
   this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
   Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
   this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
  //根據應用是否存在某些類推斷應用類型,分為響應式web應用,servlet類型web應用和非web應用,在後面用於確定實例化applicationContext的類型
   this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
   //設置初始化器,讀取spring.factories文件key ApplicationContextInitializer對應的value並實例化
   //ApplicationContextInitializer接口用於在Spring上下文被刷新之前進行初始化的操作
   setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
         ApplicationContextInitializer.class));

   //設置監聽器,讀取spring.factories文件key ApplicationListener對應的value並實例化
   // interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener
   //ApplicationListener繼承EventListener,實現了觀察者模式。對於Spring框架的觀察者模式實現,它限定感興趣的事件類型需要是ApplicationEvent類型事件

   setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
   //沒啥特別作用,僅用於獲取入口類class對象
   this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

在構造器裏主要幹了2件事,一個設置初始化器,二是設置監聽器。

2.設置初始化器

setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
      ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
   return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
      Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
   ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
   // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
   Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
    //從類路徑的META-INF處讀取相應配置文件spring.factories,然後進行遍歷,讀取配置文件中Key(type)對應的value
         SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
   //將names的對象實例化
   List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
         classLoader, args, names);
   AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
   return instances;
}

根據入參type類型ApplicationContextInitializer.class從類路徑的META-INF處讀取相應配置文件spring.factories並實例化對應Initializer。上面這2個函數後面會反復用到。

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

3.設置監聽器

setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

和設置初始化器一個套路,通過getSpringFactoriesInstances函數實例化監聽器。

org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

3.3.run(String... args)解析

1.run函數

/**
* Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new ApplicationContext
*/

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   //計時器
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();

   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();

   //設置java.awt.headless系統屬性為true,Headless模式是系統的一種配置模式。
   // 在該模式下,系統缺少了顯示設備、鍵盤或鼠標。但是服務器生成的數據需要提供給顯示設備等使用。
   // 因此使用headless模式,一般是在程序開始激活headless模式,告訴程序,現在你要工作在Headless        mode下,依靠系統的計算能力模擬出這些特性來
   configureHeadlessProperty();

   //獲取監聽器集合對象
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);

   //發出開始執行的事件。
   listeners.starting();

   try {
      //根據main函數傳入的參數,創建DefaultApplicationArguments對象
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      //根據掃描到的監聽器對象和函數傳入參數,進行環境準備。
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);

      configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);

      context = createApplicationContext();

      //和上面套路一樣,讀取spring.factories文件key SpringBootExceptionReporter對應的value
      exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
            SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
            new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);

      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);

      //和上面的一樣,context準備完成之後,將觸發SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared執行
      refreshContext(context);

      //其實啥也沒幹。但是老版本的callRunners好像是在這裏執行的。
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      //發布ApplicationStartedEvent事件,發出結束執行的事件
      listeners.started(context);
      //在某些情況下,我們希望在容器bean加載完成後執行一些操作,會實現ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner接口
      //後置操作,就是在容器完成刷新後,依次調用註冊的Runners,還可以通過@Order註解設置各runner的執行順序。
      callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }

   try {
      listeners.running(context);
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
   return context;
}

2.獲取run listeners

SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);

和構造器設置初始化器一個套路,根據傳入type SpringApplicationRunListener去掃描spring.factories文件,讀取type對應的value並實例化。然後利用實例化對象創建SpringApplicationRunListeners對象。

org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

EventPublishingRunListener的作用是發布SpringApplicationEvent事件。

EventPublishingRunListener更像是被監聽對象,這個命名讓我有點迷。

public class EventPublishingRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener, Ordered {
    ......
   @Override
   public void starting() {
      this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(
            new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args));
   }

   @Override
   public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
      this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
            this.application, this.args, environment));
   }
    ........
    
}

3.發出開始執行的事件

listeners.starting();

繼續跟進starting函數,

public void starting() {
   this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(
         new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args));
}
//獲取ApplicationStartingEvent類型的事件後,發布事件
    @Override
    public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
        ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
        for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
            Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
            if (executor != null) {
                executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
            }
            else {
                invokeListener(listener, event);
            }
        }
    }
//繼續跟進invokeListener方法,最後調用ApplicationListener監聽者的onApplicationEvent處理事件
    private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
        try {
            listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
        }
        catch (ClassCastException ex) {
            .....
        }
    }

這個後面也會反復遇到,比如listeners.running(context)。

這裏是典型的觀察者模式。

//觀察者:監聽<E extends ApplicationEvent>類型事件
ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener

//事件類型:
Event extends SpringApplicationEvent  extends ApplicationEvent extends EventObject

//被觀察者:發布事件
EventPublishingRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener

SpringApplication根據當前事件Event類型,比如ApplicationStartingEvent,查找到監聽ApplicationStartingEvent的觀察者EventPublishingRunListener,調用觀察者的onApplicationEvent處理事件。

4.環境準備

//根據main函數傳入的參數,創建DefaultApplicationArguments對象
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
      args);
//根據掃描到的listeners對象和函數傳入參數,進行環境準備。
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
      applicationArguments);

ApplicationArguments提供運行application的參數,後面會作為一個Bean註入到容器。這裏重點說下prepareEnvironment方法做了些什麽。

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
      SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {

   // Create and configure the environment
   ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();

   configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());

    //和listeners.starting一樣的流程
   listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);

   //上述完成了環境的創建和配置,傳入的參數和資源加載到environment

   //綁定環境到SpringApplication
   bindToSpringApplication(environment);
   if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
      environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
            .convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment, deduceEnvironmentClass());
   }
   ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
   return environment;
}

這段代碼核心有3個。

  1. configureEnvironment,用於基本運行環境的配置。
  2. 發布事件ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent。和發布ApplicationStartingEvent事件的流程一樣。
  3. 綁定環境到SpringApplication

5.創建ApplicationContext

context = createApplicationContext();

傳說中的IOC容器終於來了。

在實例化context之前,首先需要確定context的類型,這個是根據應用類型確定的。應用類型webApplicationType在構造器已經推斷出來了。

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
   Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
   if (contextClass == null) {
      try {
         switch (this.webApplicationType) {
         case SERVLET:
            //應用為servlet類型的web應用
            contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
            break;
         case REACTIVE:
            //應用為響應式web應用
            contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
            break;
         default:
            //應用為非web類型的應用
            contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
         }
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
         throw new IllegalStateException(
               "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
                     + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
               ex);
      }
   }
   return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

獲取context類型後,進行實例化,這裏根據class類型獲取無參構造器進行實例化。

public static <T> T instantiateClass(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException {
   Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
   if (clazz.isInterface()) {
      throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
   }
   try {
       //clazz.getDeclaredConstructor()獲取無參的構造器,然後進行實例化
      return instantiateClass(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor());
   }
   catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
    .......
}

比如web類型為servlet類型,就會實例化org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.

AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext類型的context。

6.context前置處理階段

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
   //關聯環境
   context.setEnvironment(environment);

   //ApplicationContext預處理,主要配置Bean生成器以及資源加載器
   postProcessApplicationContext(context);
    
   //調用初始化器,執行initialize方法,前面set的初始化器終於用上了
   applyInitializers(context);
   //發布contextPrepared事件,和發布starting事件一樣,不多說
   listeners.contextPrepared(context);
   if (this.logStartupInfo) {
      logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
      logStartupProfileInfo(context);
   }

   // Add boot specific singleton beans
   ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
   //bean, springApplicationArguments,用於獲取啟動application所需的參數
   beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
    
   //加載打印Banner的Bean
   if (printedBanner != null) {
      beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
   }
   
   if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
      ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
            .setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
   }
   // Load the sources,根據primarySources加載resource。primarySources:一般為主類的class對象
   Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
   Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
   //構造BeanDefinitionLoader並完成定義的Bean的加載
   load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
   //發布ApplicationPreparedEvent事件,表示application已準備完成
   listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}

7.刷新容器

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
   refresh(context);
   // 註冊一個關閉容器時的鉤子函數,在jvm關閉時調用
   if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
      try {
         context.registerShutdownHook();
      }
      catch (AccessControlException ex) {
         // Not allowed in some environments.
      }
   }
}

調用父類AbstractApplicationContext刷新容器的操作,具體的還沒看。

@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }
       ......
}

8.後置操作,調用Runners

後置操作,就是在容器完成刷新後,依次調用註冊的Runners,還可以通過@Order註解設置各runner的執行順序。

Runner可以通過實現ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner接口。

    private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
        List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
        runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
        for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
            if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
                callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
            }
            if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
                callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
            }
        }
    }

根據源碼可知,runners收集從容器獲取的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner類型的Bean,然後依次執行。

9.發布ApplicationReadyEvent事件

listeners.running(context);

應用啟動完成,可以對外提供服務了,在這裏發布ApplicationReadyEvent事件。流程還是和starting時一樣。

SpringBoot應用啟動過程分析