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AIO實現非同步通訊

Asynchronous  ---> Channel

  • 重點
  • AsynchronousSocketChannel 和 AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
  • 支援TCP的非同步Channel
  • AsynchronousSocketChannel  

  • 負責監聽的Channel 
  • 建立方法:
  1. 呼叫AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open()靜態方法返回該類的例項
  2. 呼叫bind()例項方法指定監聽的地址和埠號
  • open() 
    有兩種
  1. open() 建立預設的AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
  2. open(AsynchronousChannelGroup g) : 使用指定的AsynchronousChannelGroup來建立AsynchronousServerSocketChannel。 
  • AsynchronousChannelGroup
  1.  是一個非同步的Channel的分組管理器,可以實現資源共享。
  2. 建立AsynchronousChannelGroup  時需要傳入一個ExecutorService.實質時繫結一個執行緒池。該執行緒池負責處理IO事件和觸發CompletionHander()處理器
  • accept()接受客戶端的連結
  1. Future accept(): 接受客戶端請求,若需要返回AsynchronousSocketChannel,則應該呼叫Future的get()方法。get()方法會阻塞執行緒,等待返回AsynchronousSocketChannel。因此這種方式依然會阻塞執行緒(必須等待get()方法返回)
  2. void accpt(A attachment ,CompletionHander hander ) : 接受請求,不管成功還是失敗都會觸發CompletionHander的相應方法  (真的實現了非同步)
  3. CompletionHander
  4. completed(V result, A attachment): io操作完成後觸發,第一個引數代表IO操作返回的物件
  5. failed (Throwable exc, A attachment) io失敗觸發,第一個引數代表IO操作返回的異常或錯誤
  6. 另外不只accept()可以接受CompletionHander監聽器,AsynchronousSocketChannelconnect() read(),write()方法都有兩個版本,其中一個可以接受CompletionHander,和accept() 相同,預設情況都是阻塞的,需要呼叫get(),並返回
  • AsynchronousSocketChannel

  • 建立 : open()和AsynchronousServerSocketChannel的open相同
  • 呼叫connect()方法連結到指定ip和埠
  • 呼叫 read() write() 方法讀寫

使用 無參 open()建立預設AsynchronousServerSocketChannel 和阻塞式的 accept()

public class SimpleAIOServer
{
	static final int PORT = 30000;
	public static void main(String[] args)
		throws Exception
	{
		try(
			// ①建立AsynchronousServerSocketChannel物件。
			AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverChannel =
				AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open())
		{
			// ②指定在指定地址、埠監聽。
			serverChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
			while (true)
			{
				// ③採用迴圈接受來自客戶端的連線
				Future<AsynchronousSocketChannel> future
					= serverChannel.accept();
				// 獲取連線完成後返回的AsynchronousSocketChannel
				AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel = future.get();
				// 執行輸出。
				socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("歡迎你來自AIO的世界!"
					.getBytes("UTF-8"))).get();
			}
		}
	}
}

使用 無參 open()建立預設AsynchronousSocketChannel 和阻塞式的 connect()

public class SimpleAIOClient
{
	static final int PORT = 30000;
	public static void main(String[] args)
		throws Exception
	{
		// 用於讀取資料的ByteBuffer。
		ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
		Charset utf = Charset.forName("utf-8");
		try(
			// ①建立AsynchronousSocketChannel物件
			AsynchronousSocketChannel clientChannel
				= AsynchronousSocketChannel.open())
		{
			// ②連線遠端伺服器
			clientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1"
				, PORT)).get();     // ④
			buff.clear();
			// ③從clientChannel中讀取資料
			clientChannel.read(buff).get();     // ⑤
			buff.flip();
			// 將buff中內容轉換為字串
			String content = utf.decode(buff).toString();
			System.out.println("伺服器資訊:" + content);
		}
	}
}

伺服器端使用帶AsynchronousChannelGroup分組管理的open()和帶CompletionHander監聽處理器的accept(),read()方法。並分別重寫了 accept() 和read()方法需要的CompletionHander監聽處理器

另外再準備客戶端下一次連結的地方,會巢狀監聽埠,即accept()連結成功後會觸發CompletionHander,而CompletionHander中又開啟了監聽下一次。若再有客戶端接入,將會再次觸發CompletionHander。

public class AIOServer
{
	static final int PORT = 30000;
	final static String UTF_8 = "utf-8";
	static List<AsynchronousSocketChannel> channelList
		= new ArrayList<>();
	public void startListen() throws InterruptedException,
		Exception
	{
		// 建立一個執行緒池
		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);
		// 以指定執行緒池來建立一個AsynchronousChannelGroup
		AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup = AsynchronousChannelGroup
			.withThreadPool(executor);
		// 以指定執行緒池來建立一個AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
		AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverChannel
			= AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(channelGroup)
			// 指定監聽本機的PORT埠
			.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
		// 使用CompletionHandler接受來自客戶端的連線請求
		serverChannel.accept(null, new AcceptHandler(serverChannel));  // ①
		Thread.sleep(100000);
	}
	public static void main(String[] args)
		throws Exception
	{
		AIOServer server = new AIOServer();
		server.startListen();
	}
}
// 實現自己的CompletionHandler類
class AcceptHandler implements
	CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Object>
{
	private AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverChannel;
	public AcceptHandler(AsynchronousServerSocketChannel sc)
	{
		this.serverChannel = sc;
	}
	// 定義一個ByteBuffer準備讀取資料
	ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
	// 當實際IO操作完成時候觸發該方法
	@Override
	public void completed(final AsynchronousSocketChannel sc
		, Object attachment)
	{
		// 記錄新連線的進來的Channel
		AIOServer.channelList.add(sc);
		// 準備接受客戶端的下一次連線
		serverChannel.accept(null , this);
		sc.read(buff , null
			, new CompletionHandler<Integer,Object>()  // ②
		{
			@Override
			public void completed(Integer result
				, Object attachment)
			{
				buff.flip();
				// 將buff中內容轉換為字串
				String content = StandardCharsets.UTF_8
					.decode(buff).toString();
				// 遍歷每個Channel,將收到的資訊寫入各Channel中
				for(AsynchronousSocketChannel c : AIOServer.channelList)
				{
					try
					{
						c.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(content.getBytes(
							AIOServer.UTF_8))).get();
					}
					catch (Exception ex)
					{
						ex.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				buff.clear();
				// 讀取下一次資料
				sc.read(buff , null , this);
			}
			@Override
			public void failed(Throwable ex, Object attachment)
			{
				System.out.println("讀取資料失敗: " + ex);
				// 從該Channel讀取資料失敗,就將該Channel刪除
				AIOServer.channelList.remove(sc);
			}
		});
	}
	@Override
	public void failed(Throwable ex, Object attachment)
	{
		System.out.println("連線失敗: " + ex);
	}
}

客戶端程式同理(該程式有圖形介面) 

public class AIOClient
{
	final static String UTF_8 = "utf-8";
	final static int PORT = 30000;
	// 與伺服器端通訊的非同步Channel
	AsynchronousSocketChannel clientChannel;
	JFrame mainWin = new JFrame("多人聊天");
	JTextArea jta = new JTextArea(16 , 48);
	JTextField jtf = new JTextField(40);
	JButton sendBn = new JButton("傳送");
	public void init()
	{
		mainWin.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		jta.setEditable(false);
		mainWin.add(new JScrollPane(jta), BorderLayout.CENTER);
		JPanel jp = new JPanel();
		jp.add(jtf);
		jp.add(sendBn);
		// 傳送訊息的Action,Action是ActionListener的子介面
		Action sendAction = new AbstractAction()
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				String content = jtf.getText();
				if (content.trim().length() > 0)
				{
					try
					{
						// 將content內容寫入Channel中
						clientChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(content
							.trim().getBytes(UTF_8))).get();    //①
					}
					catch (Exception ex)
					{
						ex.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				// 清空輸入框
				jtf.setText("");
			}
		};
		sendBn.addActionListener(sendAction);
		// 將Ctrl+Enter鍵和"send"關聯
		jtf.getInputMap().put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke('\n'
			, java.awt.event.InputEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK) , "send");
		// 將"send"和sendAction關聯
		jtf.getActionMap().put("send", sendAction);
		mainWin.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		mainWin.add(jp , BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		mainWin.pack();
		mainWin.setVisible(true);
	}
	public void connect()
		throws Exception
	{
		// 定義一個ByteBuffer準備讀取資料
		final ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
		// 建立一個執行緒池
		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(80);
		// 以指定執行緒池來建立一個AsynchronousChannelGroup
		AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup =
			AsynchronousChannelGroup.withThreadPool(executor);
		// 以channelGroup作為組管理器來建立AsynchronousSocketChannel
		clientChannel = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open(channelGroup);
		// 讓AsynchronousSocketChannel連線到指定IP、指定埠
		clientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1"
			, PORT)).get();
		jta.append("---與伺服器連線成功---\n");
		buff.clear();
		clientChannel.read(buff, null
			, new CompletionHandler<Integer,Object>()   //②
		{
			@Override
			public void completed(Integer result, Object attachment)
			{
				buff.flip();
				// 將buff中內容轉換為字串
				String content = StandardCharsets.UTF_8
					.decode(buff).toString();
				// 顯示從伺服器端讀取的資料
				jta.append("某人說:" + content + "\n");
				buff.clear();
				clientChannel.read(buff , null , this);
			}
			@Override
			public void failed(Throwable ex, Object attachment)
			{
				System.out.println("讀取資料失敗: " + ex);
			}
		});
	}
	public static void main(String[] args)
		throws Exception
	{
		AIOClient client = new AIOClient();
		client.init();
		client.connect();
	}
}