Python字串格式化和集合
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-25
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #format字串格式化 tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18) print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am seven, age 18, really seven tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18}) print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am seven, age 18, really seven tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format('seven',18) print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am seven, age 18 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18]) print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am seven, age 18 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format("seven", 18) print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am seven, age 18 l=["seven", 18] tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%},{}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2) print(tpl) # 執行結果：1111,17,15,f,F, 1587.623000%,2 msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf','alex') print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is alex msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf',1) print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is 1 msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf',[1,2]) print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is [1, 2] name='lhf' age=19 msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % (name,age) print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is 19 #列印浮點數 tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.976234444444444444 print(tpl) # 執行結果：percent 99.98 #列印百分比 tpl = 'percent %.2f %%' % 99.976234444444444444 print(tpl) # 執行結果：percent 99.98 % tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "alex", "age": 18} print(tpl) # 執行結果：i am alex age 18 msg='i am %(name)+60s my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'} print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is alex msg='i am \033[43;1m%(name)+60s\033[0m my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'} print(msg) # 執行結果：i am lhf my hobby is alex #執行效率比較，第一個效率高，推薦使用 print('root','x','0','0',sep=':') print('root'+':'+'x'+':'+'0','0') print("==============================================") #集合 s=set('hello') print(s) # 執行結果：{'o', 'e', 'l', 'h'} s=set(['alex','alex','sb']) print(s) # 執行結果：{'sb', 'alex'} #新增 s={1,2,3,4,5,6} s.add('s') s.add('3') s.add(3) print(s) # 執行結果：{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 's', '3'} s.clear() print(s) # 執行結果：set() s={'sb',1,2,3,4,5,6} #隨機刪 # s.pop() #指定刪除 # s.remove('sb') # s.remove('hellol') #刪除元素不存在會報錯 # s.discard('sbbbb')#刪除元素不存在不會報錯 # print(s) s=frozenset('hello') print(s) #執行結果：frozenset({'o', 'e', 'l', 'h'}) names=['alex','alex','wupeiqi'] names=list(set(names)) print(names) #執行結果：['wupeiqi', 'alex'] print("==============================================") python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg'] linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb'] p_s=set(python_l) l_s=set(linux_l) #求交集 print(p_s,l_s) #{'lcg', 'zjw', 'szw'} {'lcg', 'sb', 'szw'} print(p_s.intersection(l_s)) #執行結果：{'lcg', 'szw'} print(p_s&l_s) #執行結果：{'lcg', 'szw'} #求並集 print(p_s.union(l_s)) #執行結果：{'lcg', 'sb', 'szw', 'zjw'} print(p_s|l_s) #執行結果：{'lcg', 'sb', 'szw', 'zjw'} #差集 print('差集',p_s-l_s) #執行結果：差集 {'zjw'} print(p_s.difference(l_s)) #執行結果：{'zjw'} print('差集',l_s-p_s) #執行結果:差集 {'sb'} print(l_s.difference(p_s)) #執行結果：{'sb'} #交叉補集 print('交叉補集',p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s)) #執行結果：交叉補集 {'sb', 'zjw'} print('交叉補集',p_s^l_s) #執行結果：交叉補集 {'sb', 'zjw'} print("==============================================") python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg'] linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb'] p_s=set(python_l) l_s=set(linux_l) print(p_s,l_s) #執行結果：{'lcg', 'zjw', 'szw'} {'lcg', 'sb', 'szw'} print('差集',p_s-l_s) #執行結果：差集 {'zjw'} p_s=p_s-l_s p_s.difference_update(l_s) print(p_s) #執行結果：{'zjw'} print("=============================================") s1={1,2} s2={2,3,5} print(s1.isdisjoint(s2)) #執行結果：False s1={1,2} s2={1,2,3} print(s1.issubset(s2))#s1 是s2 的子集 #執行結果：True print(s2.issubset(s1))#False #執行結果：False print(s2.issuperset(s1))#s1 是s2 的父集 #執行結果：True s1={1,2} s2={1,2,3} s1.update(s2) #更新多個值 print(s1) #執行結果：{1, 2, 3} s3={1,2} s4={1,2,3} s3.add(4) #更新一個值 print(s3) #執行結果：{1, 2, 4} s5={1,2} s6={1,2,3} s5.union(s6) #不更新 print(s5) #執行結果：{1, 2}