PHP學習練手（三）
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-25
1、建立一維陣列
方式一：一次新增一個元素構建陣列
$band[] = ‘Jemi’; $band[] = 'Bret';方式二：新增元素時指定鍵
$fruits['apple'] = 3; $fruits['orange'] = 1;使用array()函式
$state = array('IA'=>'Iowa, 'MD'=>'Maryland');$artists = array('Shins', 'Eels');設定第一個數字鍵值，此後新增的值將是可以遞增的鍵
$days = array(1=>'Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue')；建立連續數字的陣列，用range（）函式
$ten = range(1,10);2、訪問陣列
foreach($array as $value) { #code... }foreach($array as $key => $value) { #code ... }示例：
calendar.php:<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <formaction="calendar.php" method="post"> <?php # Script 2.6 - calendar.php //make the months array: $months =array(1=>'1月','2月','3月','4月','5月','6月','7月','8月', '9月','10月','11月','12月'); //make the days and years $days = range(1, 31); $years = range(2011, 2021); //make the months pull-dowm menu echo '<select name="month">'; foreach ($months as $key => $value) { echo "<option value=\"$key\"> $value</option>\n"; } echo '</select> '; //make the days pull-dowm menu echo '<select name="day">>'; foreach ($days as $value) { echo "<option value=\"$value\"> $value</option>\n"; } echo '</select> '; //make the days pull-dowm menu echo '<select name="year">>'; foreach ($years as $value) { echo "<option value=\"$value\"> $value</option>\n"; } echo '</select>'; ?> </form> </body> </html>
3、多維陣列
先建立一維陣列，然後再組合
$primes = array(1, 3, 5, 7);
$sphenic = array(30, 42, 66, 70);
$numbers = array('Primes' => $primes, 'Sphenic' => $aphenic);
示例：
multi.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php #Script 2.7 - mutl.php
$mexico = array(
'YU' => 'Yucatan',
'BC' => 'Baja California',
'OA' => 'Oaxaca'
);
$us = array(
'MD' => 'Maryland',
'IL' => 'Illiniois',
);
$canada = array('QC' => 'Quebec');
$n_america = array(
'Mexico' => $mexico,
'United States' => $us,
'Canada' => $canada
);
foreach ($n_america as $country => $list) {
echo "<h2>$country</h2>";
echo '<ul>';
foreach ($list as $key => $value) {
echo "<li>$key - $value</li>";
}
echo '</ul>';
}
?>
</body>
</html>
4、陣列和字串
- 字元=》陣列：
$array = explode(separator, $string);//以指定的分割符將字串分割為陣列例：
$s1 = 'Mon-Tue-Wed_Thu_Fri';
$days_array = explode('-', $s1);- 陣列=》字元：
$string = implode(glue, $array); //將陣列轉變成字元，字元之間以glue連線例：
$2= implode(',', $days_array());5、陣列排序
sort()：按值對陣列排序，並丟棄原來的鍵，排序後重置陣列的鍵
ksort()：按鍵對陣列排序
asort()：按值對陣列排序
rsort()、arsort()、krsort()：以相反的順序對陣列排序
示例：
sorting.php:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" align="center">
<tr>
<td><h2>Rating</h2></td>
<td><h2>Title</h2></td>
</tr>
<?php #Script 2.8 - sorting.php
$movies = array(
'Casablance' => 10,
'To kill a Mockingbird' => 10,
'The English Patient' => 2,
'Strange Than Fiction' => 9,
'Story of the Weeping Camel' => 5,
'Donnie Darko' => 7
);
//原始順序
echo '<tr><td colspan = "2" align = "center" >原始順序</td></tr>';
foreach ($movies as $title => $rating) {
echo "<tr><td>$rating</td>
<td>$title</td>\n";
}
//按鍵排序
ksort($movies);
echo '<tr><td colspan = "2" align = "center">按鍵排序</td></tr>';
foreach ($movies as $title => $rating) {
echo "<tr><td>$rating</td>
<td>$title</td>\n";
}
//按值反向排序
arsort($movies);
echo '<tr><td colspan = "2" align = "center">按值反向排序</td></tr>';
foreach ($movies as $title => $rating) {
echo "<tr><td>$rating</td>
<td>$title</td>\n";
}
?>
</table>
</body>
</html>
補充：
- shuffle()：隨機排序陣列
- natsort()：更自然的順序對陣列排序