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head first Thread.join()

友情推薦:

  1. 執行緒池原理
  2. 深入Thread.sleep
  3. 多執行緒中斷機制

不使用Thread.join() 測試執行緒

先上程式碼:

/**
 * Created by Zero on 2017/8/23.
 */
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    public static int a = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            a = a + 1
; } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { TestJoin j = new TestJoin(); Thread thread = new Thread(j); thread.start(); System.out.println(a); } }

以上示例會輸出5嗎?可能性不大,有可能永遠輸出為0,之前在執行緒池原理的那篇就提到過,執行緒的啟動和銷燬都需要時間,此處因為thread還沒啟動好,或者正在為它分配資源準備執行,就已經執行完輸出了。

怎樣才能確保每次都能輸出5呢?現在有請我們的主角join方法閃亮登場,程式碼如下:

/**
 * Created by apple on 2017/8/23.
 */
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    public static int a = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            a = a + 1;
        }
    }

    public static void main
(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { TestJoin j = new TestJoin(); Thread thread = new Thread(j); thread.start(); /** * 測試join方法的作用,與下面的threadAgain執行緒作對比。 */ thread.join(); System.out.println(a); a = 0; Thread threadAgain = new Thread(j); threadAgain.start(); System.out.println(a); } }

輸出的結果將是5和0。

Thread.join()作用

Thread.join(),之前看資料的時候,有些人說可以理解成“將兩個執行緒合併成一個執行緒”,我是覺得這樣說是很不科學的,雖然這樣通俗易懂,但這確實是兩個不同的執行緒,只是在呼叫Thread.join()後,會先執行完Thread執行緒後再去執行當前執行緒,即上述的在主執行緒中執行到thread.join();後,先去執行thread,直到thread執行完後再去執行主執行緒。

測試Thread.join(long millis)

/**
 * Created by apple on 2017/8/23.
 */
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    public static int a = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            a = a + 1;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestJoin j = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(j);
        thread.start();
        /**
         * 測試join方法的作用
         */
        thread.join(3000);
        System.out.println("thread執行緒結果為:"+a);
        a = 0;
        Thread threadAgain = new Thread(j);
        threadAgain.start();
        System.out.println("threadAgain執行緒結果為:"+a);
    }
}

輸出:

thread執行緒結果為:3
threadAgain執行緒結果為:0

先上一段原始碼再來分析:

/**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
     * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
     *
     * <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis)
    throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }

這裡寫圖片描述

原始碼爸爸說了,孩子,我給你millis這麼長的時間,能不能完成任務那是你的事情了,能提前完成,咱就提前走下去,不能完成,過期不候,自己看著辦吧。

預設情況下,Thread.join()即Thread.join(0),當為0的時候,那才叫真愛呢,執行緒會一直等下去,知道執行結束為止,才會繼續朝下執行。

isAlive():用來測試執行緒是否處於活動狀態,相當於 run 是否還在執行。

微信掃我^_^

這裡寫圖片描述