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Kubernetes高可用Master節點安裝_Kubernetes中文社群

前言

這是和我一步步部署kubernetes叢集專案((fork自opsnull))中的一篇文章,下文是結合我之前部署kubernetes的過程產生的kuberentes環境,部署master節點的kube-apiserverkube-controller-managerkube-scheduler的過程。

高可用Kubernetes Master節點安裝

kubernetes master 節點包含的元件:

  • kube-apiserver
  • kube-scheduler
  • kube-controller-manager

目前這三個元件需要部署在同一臺機器上。

  • kube-scheduler
    kube-controller-managerkube-apiserver 三者的功能緊密相關;
  • 同時只能有一個 kube-schedulerkube-controller-manager 程序處於工作狀態,如果執行多個,則需要通過選舉產生一個 leader;

本文件記錄部署一個三個節點的高可用 kubernetes master 叢集步驟。(後續建立一個 load balancer 來代理訪問 kube-apiserver 的請求)

TLS 證書檔案

pem和token.csv證書檔案我們在TLS證書和祕鑰這一步中已經建立過了。我們再檢查一下。

$ ls /etc/kubernetes/ssl
admin-key.pem  admin.pem  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem  kubernetes-key.pem  kubernetes.pem

下載最新版本的二進位制檔案

有兩種下載方式

方式一

github release 頁面 下載釋出版 tarball,解壓後再執行下載指令碼

$ wget https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/download/v1.6.0/kubernetes.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf kubernetes.tar.gz
...
$ cd kubernetes
$ ./cluster/get-kube-binaries.sh
...

方式二

CHANGELOG頁面 下載 clientserver tarball 檔案

server

的 tarball kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 已經包含了 client(kubectl) 二進位制檔案,所以不用單獨下載kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz檔案;

$ # wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.0/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
...
$ cd kubernetes
$ tar -xzvf  kubernetes-src.tar.gz

將二進位制檔案拷貝到指定路徑

$ cp -r server/bin/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubectl,kube-proxy,kubelet} /root/local/bin/

配置和啟動 Kube-Apiserver

建立 kube-apiserver的service配置檔案

serivce配置檔案/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service內容:

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Service
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
After=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver \
	    $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
	    $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
	    $KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \
	    $KUBE_API_ADDRESS \
	    $KUBE_API_PORT \
	    $KUBELET_PORT \
	    $KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
	    $KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \
	    $KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \
	    $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/etc/kubernetes/config檔案的內容為:

###
# kubernetes system config
#
# The following values are used to configure various aspects of all
# kubernetes services, including
#
#   kube-apiserver.service
#   kube-controller-manager.service
#   kube-scheduler.service
#   kubelet.service
#   kube-proxy.service
# logging to stderr means we get it in the systemd journal
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"

# journal message level, 0 is debug
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"

# Should this cluster be allowed to run privileged docker containers
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"

# How the controller-manager, scheduler, and proxy find the apiserver
#KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com:8080"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://172.20.0.113:8080"

該配置檔案同時被kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy使用。

apiserver配置檔案/etc/kubernetes/apiserver內容為:

###
## kubernetes system config
##
## The following values are used to configure the kube-apiserver
##
#
## The address on the local server to listen to.
#KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com"
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--advertise-address=172.20.0.113 --bind-address=172.20.0.113 --insecure-bind-address=172.20.0.113"
#
## The port on the local server to listen on.
#KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"
#
## Port minions listen on
#KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"
#
## Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=https://172.20.0.113:2379,172.20.0.114:2379,172.20.0.115:2379"
#
## Address range to use for services
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"
#
## default admission control policies
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=ServiceAccount,NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota"
#
## Add your own!
KUBE_API_ARGS="--authorization-mode=RBAC --runtime-config=rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 --kubelet-https=true --experimental-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --enable-swagger-ui=true --apiserver-count=3 --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/audit.log --event-ttl=1h"
  • --authorization-mode=RBAC 指定在安全埠使用 RBAC 授權模式,拒絕未通過授權的請求;
  • kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager 一般和 kube-apiserver 部署在同一臺機器上,它們使用非安全埠和 kube-apiserver通訊;
  • kubelet、kube-proxy、kubectl 部署在其它 Node 節點上,如果通過安全埠訪問 kube-apiserver,則必須先通過 TLS 證書認證,再通過 RBAC 授權;
  • kube-proxy、kubectl 通過在使用的證書裡指定相關的 User、Group 來達到通過 RBAC 授權的目的;
  • 如果使用了 kubelet TLS Boostrap 機制,則不能再指定 --kubelet-certificate-authority--kubelet-client-certificate--kubelet-client-key 選項,否則後續 kube-apiserver 校驗 kubelet 證書時出現 ”x509: certificate signed by unknown authority“ 錯誤;
  • --admission-control 值必須包含 ServiceAccount
  • --bind-address 不能為 127.0.0.1
  • runtime-config配置為rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1,表示執行時的apiVersion;
  • --service-cluster-ip-range 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段,該地址段不能路由可達;
  • 預設情況下 kubernetes 物件儲存在 etcd /registry 路徑下,可以通過 --etcd-prefix引數進行調整;

啟動kube-apiserver

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl enable kube-apiserver
$ systemctl start kube-apiserver
$ systemctl status kube-apiserver

配置和啟動 Kube-Controller-Manager

建立 kube-controller-manager的serivce配置檔案

檔案路徑/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager \
	    $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
	    $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
	    $KUBE_MASTER \
	    $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置檔案/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager

###
# The following values are used to configure the kubernetes controller-manager

# defaults from config and apiserver should be adequate

# Add your own!
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --leader-elect=true"
  • --service-cluster-ip-range 引數指定 Cluster 中 Service 的CIDR範圍,該網路在各 Node 間必須路由不可達,必須和 kube-apiserver 中的引數一致;
  • --cluster-signing-* 指定的證書和私鑰檔案用來簽名為 TLS BootStrap 建立的證書和私鑰;
  • --root-ca-file 用來對 kube-apiserver 證書進行校驗,指定該引數後,才會在Pod 容器的 ServiceAccount 中放置該 CA 證書檔案
  • --address 值必須為 127.0.0.1,因為當前 kube-apiserver 期望 scheduler 和 controller-manager 在同一臺機器,否則:
  $ kubectl get componentstatuses
  NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                        ERROR
  scheduler            Unhealthy   Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: getsockopt: connection refused   
  controller-manager   Healthy     ok                                                                                             
  etcd-2               Unhealthy   Get http://172.20.0.113:2379/health: malformed HTTP response "\x15\x03\x01\x00\x02\x02"        
  etcd-0               Healthy     {"health": "true"}                                                                             
  etcd-1               Healthy     {"health": "true"}  

啟動 Kube-Controller-Manager

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
$ systemctl start kube-controller-manager

配置和啟動 Kube-Scheduler

建立 kube-scheduler的serivce配置檔案

檔案路徑/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.serivce

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Plugin
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler \
            $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
            $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
            $KUBE_MASTER \
            $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置檔案/etc/kubernetes/scheduler

###
# kubernetes scheduler config

# default config should be adequate

# Add your own!
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1"
  • --address 值必須為 127.0.0.1,因為當前 kube-apiserver 期望 scheduler 和 controller-manager 在同一臺機器;

啟動 Kube-Scheduler

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl enable kube-scheduler
$ systemctl start kube-scheduler

驗證 Master 節點功能

$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health": "true"}   

後記

當時在配置過程中遇到了問題TLS認證相關的問題,其實就是因為配置apiserver時候etcd的協議寫成了http導致的,應該是用https。

究竟如何實現kubernetes master的高可用還需要繼續探索。