[LeetCode] Reconstruct Itinerary 重建行程單
Given a list of airline tickets represented by pairs of departure and arrival airports [from, to]
, reconstruct the itinerary in order. All of the tickets belong to a man who departs from JFK
. Thus, the itinerary must begin with JFK
.
Note:
- If there are multiple valid itineraries, you should return the itinerary that has the smallest lexical order when read as a single string. For example, the itinerary
["JFK", "LGA"]
["JFK", "LGB"]
. - All airports are represented by three capital letters (IATA code).
- You may assume all tickets may form at least one valid itinerary.
Example 1:tickets
= [["MUC", "LHR"], ["JFK", "MUC"], ["SFO", "SJC"], ["LHR", "SFO"]]
Return ["JFK", "MUC", "LHR", "SFO", "SJC"]
Example 2:tickets
= [["JFK","SFO"],["JFK","ATL"],["SFO","ATL"],["ATL","JFK"],["ATL","SFO"]]
Return ["JFK","ATL","JFK","SFO","ATL","SFO"]
.
Another possible reconstruction is ["JFK","SFO","ATL","JFK","ATL","SFO"]
. But it is larger in lexical order.
Credits:
Special thanks to @dietpepsi for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
這道題給我們一堆飛機票,讓我們建立一個行程單,如果有多種方法,取其中字母順序小的那種方法。這道題的本質是有向圖的遍歷問題,那麼LeetCode關於有向圖的題只有兩道Course Schedule和Course Schedule II,而那兩道是關於有向圖的頂點的遍歷的,而本題是關於有向圖的邊的遍歷。每張機票都是有向圖的一條邊,我們需要找出一條經過所有邊的路徑,那麼DFS不是我們的不二選擇。先來看遞迴的結果,我們首先把圖建立起來,通過鄰接連結串列來建立。由於題目要求解法按字母順序小的,那麼我們考慮用multiset,可以自動排序。等我們圖建立好了以後,從節點JFK開始遍歷,只要當前節點對映的multiset裡有節點,我們取出這個節點,將其在multiset裡刪掉,然後繼續遞迴遍歷這個節點,由於題目中限定了一定會有解,那麼等圖中所有的multiset中都沒有節點的時候,我們把當前節點存入結果中,然後再一層層回溯回去,將當前節點都存入結果,那麼最後我們結果中存的順序和我們需要的相反的,我們最後再翻轉一下即可,參見程式碼如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: vector<string> findItinerary(vector<pair<string, string>> tickets) { vector<string> res; unordered_map<string, multiset<string>> m; for (auto a : tickets) { m[a.first].insert(a.second); } dfs(m, "JFK", res); return vector<string> (res.rbegin(), res.rend()); } void dfs(unordered_map<string, multiset<string>>& m, string s, vector<string>& res) { while (m[s].size()) { string t = *m[s].begin(); m[s].erase(m[s].begin()); dfs(m, t, res); } res.push_back(s); } };
下面我們來看迭代的解法,需要藉助棧來實現,來實現回溯功能。比如對下面這個例子:
tickets = [["JFK", "KUL"], ["JFK", "NRT"], ["MRT", "JFK"]]
那麼建立的圖如下:
JFK -> KUL, NRT
NRT -> JFK
由於multiset是按順序存的,所有KUL會在NRT之前,那麼我們起始從JFK開始遍歷,先到KUL,但是KUL沒有下家了,這時候圖中的邊並沒有遍歷完,此時我們需要將KUL存入棧中,然後繼續往下遍歷,最後再把棧裡的節點存回結果即可,參見程式碼如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: vector<string> findItinerary(vector<pair<string, string>> tickets) { vector<string> res; stack<string> st{{"JFK"}}; unordered_map<string, multiset<string>> m; for (auto t : tickets) { m[t.first].insert(t.second); } while (!st.empty()) { string t = st.top(); if (m[t].empty()) { res.insert(res.begin(), t); st.pop(); } else { st.push(*m[t].begin()); m[t].erase(m[t].begin()); } } return res; } };
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參考資料: