[LeetCode] Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 每個節點的右向指標
Given a binary tree
struct TreeLinkNode { TreeLinkNode *left; TreeLinkNode *right; TreeLinkNode *next; }
Populate each next pointer to point to its next right node. If there is no next right node, the next pointer should be set to NULL
.
Initially, all next pointers are set to NULL
Note:
- You may only use constant extra space.
- You may assume that it is a perfect binary tree (ie, all leaves are at the same level, and every parent has two children).
For example,
Given the following perfect binary tree,
1 / \ 2 3 / \ / \ 4 5 6 7
After calling your function, the tree should look like:
1 -> NULL / \ 2 -> 3 -> NULL / \ / \ 4->5->6->7 -> NULL
這道題實際上是樹的層序遍歷的應用,可以參考之前的部落格Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 二叉樹層序遍歷,既然是遍歷,就有遞迴和非遞迴兩種方法,最好兩種方法都要掌握,都要會寫。下面先來看遞迴的解法,由於是完全二叉樹,所以若節點的左子結點存在的話,其右子節點必定存在,所以左子結點的next指標可以直接指向其右子節點,對於其右子節點的處理方法是,判斷其父節點的next是否為空,若不為空,則指向其next指標指向的節點的左子結點,若為空則指向NULL,程式碼如下:
C++ 解法一:
// Recursion, more than constant space class Solution { public: void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) { if (!root) return; if (root->left) root->left->next = root->right; if (root->right) root->right->next = root->next? root->next->left : NULL; connect(root->left); connect(root->right); } };
對於非遞迴的解法要稍微複雜一點,但也不算特別複雜,需要用到queue來輔助,由於是層序遍歷,每層的節點都按順序加入queue中,而每當從queue中取出一個元素時,將其next指標指向queue中下一個節點即可。程式碼如下:
C++ 解法二:
// Non-recursion, more than constant space class Solution { public: void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) { if (!root) return; queue<TreeLinkNode*> q; q.push(root); q.push(NULL); while (true) { TreeLinkNode *cur = q.front(); q.pop(); if (cur) { cur->next = q.front(); if (cur->left) q.push(cur->left); if (cur->right) q.push(cur->right); } else { if (q.size() == 0 || q.front() == NULL) return; q.push(NULL); } } } };
上面的方法巧妙的通過給queue中新增空指標NULL來達到分層的目的,使每層的最後一個節點的next可以指向NULL,那麼我們可以換一種方法來實現分層,我們對於每層的開頭元素開始遍歷之前,先統計一下該層的總個數,用個for迴圈,這樣for迴圈結束的時候,我們就知道該層已經被遍歷完了,這也是一種好辦法:
C++ 解法三:
class Solution { public: void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) { if (!root) return; queue<TreeLinkNode*> q; q.push(root); while (!q.empty()) { int size = q.size(); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { TreeLinkNode *t = q.front(); q.pop(); if (i < size - 1) { t->next = q.front(); } if (t->left) q.push(t->left); if (t->right) q.push(t->right); } } } };
上面三種方法雖然叼,但是都不符合題意,題目中要求用O(1)的空間複雜度,所以我們來看下面這種碉堡了的方法。用兩個指標start和cur,其中start標記每一層的起始節點,cur用來遍歷該層的節點,設計思路之巧妙,不得不服啊:
C++ 解法四:
class Solution { public: void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) { if (!root) return; TreeLinkNode *start = root, *cur = NULL; while (start->left) { cur = start; while (cur) { cur->left->next = cur->right; if (cur->next) cur->right->next = cur->next->left; cur = cur->next; } start = start->left; } } };
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參考資料: