利用Python寫了個成語接龍!我弟弟已經玩了三天了!還是玩不過!
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-28
詩歌語料庫
首先,我們利用Python爬蟲來爬取詩歌,製作語料庫。爬取的網址為: https://www.gushiwen.org,頁面如下 :
由於本文主要為試了展示該專案的思路,因此,只爬取了該頁面中的唐詩三百首、古詩三百、宋詞三百、宋詞精選,一共大約1100多首詩歌。為了加速爬蟲,採用併發實現爬蟲,並儲存到poem.txt檔案。完整的Python程式如下:
import re import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, wait, ALL_COMPLETED # 爬取的詩歌網址 urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/tangshi.aspx', 'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/sanbai.aspx', 'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songsan.aspx', 'https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songci.aspx' ] poem_links = [] # 詩歌的網址 for url in urls: # 請求頭部 headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'} req = requests.get(url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml") content = soup.find_all('div', class_="sons")[0] links = content.find_all('a') for link in links: poem_links.append('https://so.gushiwen.org'+link['href']) poem_list = [] # 爬取詩歌頁面 def get_poem(url): #url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/shiwenv_45c396367f59.aspx' # 請求頭部 headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'} req = requests.get(url, headers=headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, "lxml") poem = soup.find('div', class_='contson').text.strip() poem = poem.replace(' ', '') poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"([sS]*?)"), '', poem) poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"([sS]*?)"), '', poem) poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"。([sS]*?)"), '', poem) poem = poem.replace('!', '!').replace('?', '?') poem_list.append(poem) # 利用併發爬取 executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) # 可以自己調整max_workers,即執行緒的個數 # submit()的引數: 第一個為函式, 之後為該函式的傳入引數,允許有多個 future_tasks = [executor.submit(get_poem, url) for url in poem_links] # 等待所有的執行緒完成,才進入後續的執行 wait(future_tasks, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED) # 將爬取的詩句寫入txt檔案 poems = list(set(poem_list)) poems = sorted(poems, key=lambda x:len(x)) for poem in poems: poem = poem.replace('《','').replace('》','') .replace(':', '').replace('“', '') print(poem) with open('F://poem.txt', 'a') as f: f.write(poem) f.write(' ')
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import re import pickle from xpinyin import Pinyin from collections import defaultdict def main(): with open('F://poem.txt', 'r') as f: poems = f.readlines() sents = [] for poem in poems: parts = re.findall(r'[sS]*?[。?!]', poem.strip()) for part in parts: if len(part) >= 5: sents.append(part) poem_dict = defaultdict(list) for sent in sents: print(part) head = Pinyin().get_pinyin(sent, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ').split()[0] poem_dict[head].append(sent) with open('./poemDict.pk', 'wb') as f: pickle.dump(poem_dict, f) main()
我們可以看一下該pickle檔案(poemDict.pk)的內容:
改寫為
data_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'Mandarin.dat')
這樣我們就完成了mypinyin.py檔案。
接下來,我們需要編寫詩歌接龍的程式碼(Poem_Jielong.py),完整程式碼如下:
import pickle from mypinyin import Pinyin import random import ctypes STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10 STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11 STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12 FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # 暗白色 FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # 藍色 FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # 綠色 FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # 天藍色 FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # 紅色 FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # 粉紅色 FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # 黃色 FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # 白色 std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE) # 設定CMD文字顏色 def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle): Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color) return Bool # 重置文字顏色為暗白色 def resetColor(): set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE) # 在CMD中以指定顏色輸出文字 def cprint(mess, color): color_dict = { '藍色': FOREGROUND_BLUE, '綠色': FOREGROUND_GREEN, '天藍色': FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE, '紅色': FOREGROUND_RED, '粉紅色': FOREGROUND_PINK, '黃色': FOREGROUND_YELLOW, '白色': FOREGROUND_WHITE } set_cmd_text_color(color_dict[color]) print(mess) resetColor() color_list = ['藍色','綠色','天藍色','紅色','粉紅色','黃色','白色'] # 獲取字典 with open('./poemDict.pk', 'rb') as f: poem_dict = pickle.load(f) #for key, value in poem_dict.items(): #print(key, value) MODE = str(input('Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龍, 2 for 機器接龍): ')) while True: try: if MODE == '1': enter = str(input(' 請輸入一句詩或一個字開始:')) while enter != 'exit': test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ') tail = test.split()[-1] if tail not in poem_dict.keys(): cprint('無法接這句詩。 ', '紅色') MODE = 0 break else: cprint(' 機器回覆:%s'%random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0], random.sample(color_list, 1)[0]) enter = str(input('你的回覆:'))[:-1] MODE = 0 if MODE == '2': enter = input(' 請輸入一句詩或一個字開始:') for i in range(10): test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter, tone_marks='marks', splitter=' ') tail = test.split()[-1] if tail not in poem_dict.keys(): cprint('------>無法接下去了啦...', '紅色') MODE = 0 break else: answer = random.sample(poem_dict[tail], 1)[0] cprint('(%d)--> %s' % (i+1, answer), random.sample(color_list, 1)[0]) enter = answer[:-1] print(' (*****最多展示前10回接龍。*****)') MODE = 0 except Exception as err: print(err) finally: if MODE not in ['1','2']: MODE = str(input(' Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龍, 2 for 機器接龍): '))
現在整個專案的結構如下(Mandarin.dat檔案從xpinyin模組對應的資料夾下複製過來):
切換至該資料夾,輸入以下命令即可生成exe檔案:
pyinstaller -F Poem_jielong.py
生成的exe檔案為Poem_jielong.exe,位於該資料夾的dist資料夾下。為了能夠讓exe成功執行,需要將poemDict.pk和Mandarin.dat檔案複製到dist資料夾下。
測試執行
執行Poem_jielong.exe檔案,頁面如下:
本專案的詩歌接龍有兩種模式,一種為人工接龍,就是你先輸入一句詩或一個字,然後就是計算機回覆一句,你回覆一句,負責詩歌接龍的規則;另一種模式為機器接龍,就是你先輸入一句詩或一個字,機器會自動輸出後面的接龍詩句(最多10個)。
先測試人工接龍模式:
再測試機器接龍模式:
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