#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
const int N = 100000;
typedef long long ll;
ll sum[N << 2], lazy[N << 2];
void pushUp(const int &rt) {
	sum[rt] = sum[rt << 1] + sum[rt << 1 | 1];
}
void pushDown(const int &rt, const int &L, const int &R) {
	if (lazy[rt]) {
		int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
		lazy[rt << 1] += lazy[rt];
		sum[rt << 1] += (mid - L + 1)*lazy[rt];
		lazy[rt << 1 | 1] += lazy[rt];
		sum[rt << 1 | 1] += (R - mid)*lazy[rt];
		lazy[rt] = 0;
	}
}
//建樹
void build(int rt, int L, int R) {
	lazy[rt] = 0;
	if (L == R) {
		scanf("%lld", &sum[rt]);
		return;
	}
	int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
	build(rt << 1, L, mid);
	build(rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, R);
	pushUp(rt);
}
//單點更新
void update(int rt, int L, int R, const int &id, const int &val) {
	if (L == R) {
		sum[rt] += val;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
	if (id <= mid)update(rt << 1, L, mid, id, val);
	else update(rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, R, id, val);
	pushUp(rt);
}
//區間更新
void update(int rt, int L, int R, const int &QL, const int &QR, const int &val) {
	if (QL <= L && R <= QR) {
		sum[rt] += (R - L + 1)*val;
		lazy[rt] += val;
		return;
	}
	pushDown(rt, L, R);
	int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
	if (QL <= mid)update(rt << 1, L, mid, QL, QR, val);
	if (mid < QR)update(rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, R, QL, QR, val);
	pushUp(rt);
}
//單點查詢
ll query(int rt, int L, int R, const int &id, const int &val) {
	if (L == R)return sum[rt];
	int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
	pushDown(rt, L, R);
	if (id <= mid)return query(rt << 1, L, mid, id, val);
	return query(rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, R, id, val);
}
//區間查詢
ll query(int rt, int L, int R, const int &QL, const int &QR) {
	if (QL <= L && R <= QR)return sum[rt];
	int mid = (L + R) >> 1;
	ll ans = 0;
	pushDown(rt, L, R);
	if (QL <= mid)ans += query(rt << 1, L, mid, QL, QR);
	if (mid < QR)ans += query(rt << 1 | 1, mid + 1, R, QL, QR);
	return ans;
}