最近與同仁講一個簡單的功能，我們過去的專案或系統可能開發過很多次了，當下需要反思軟體設計怎麼才能做得更好，這樣我們自己才能成長。如果軟體設計都做不好，更做不好軟體架構。 如果你重複一次又一次在做與過去相同的東西，有沒有意義？ 沒有成長，等於浪費時間。現在產品經理都需要關注使用者增長的設計了，思考你如何獲得成長。

什麼叫“重複性勞動”？

      你也許會以為，重複性勞動是指那些主要以體力完成的工作，送外賣、發傳單，或者，摻雜少部分腦力的工作。其實不是，即使是某些高強度的腦力工作，依然算是重複性勞動。比如，被大家認為重複性較低的銷售，其實時間長了，也會按固定套路，把銷售流程當做例行公事走完。日復一日的重複性勞動，工作越來越熟練，但成長越來越緩慢。

      反覆不斷地重複寫程式碼去解決同樣的程式設計問題，這就是在做完全相同的事，除非新的約束和變化給你帶來了新的挑戰，你只能從第一次的經驗中有所收穫，而從第二次開始基本就是簡單地重複了。如果你想要做得更優秀，重複實踐是遠遠不夠的。你必須在實踐中增加更多的難度和挑戰。

通常我們軟體設計時需要考慮的：

• Compatibility - The software is able to operate with other products that are designed for interoperability with another product. For example, a piece of software may be backward-compatible with an older version of itself.
• Extensibility - New capabilities can be added to the software without major changes to the underlying architecture.
• Modularity - the resulting software comprises well defined, independent components which leads to better maintainability. The components could be then implemented and tested in isolation before being integrated to form a desired software system. This allows division of work in a software development project.
• Fault-tolerance - The software is resistant to and able to recover from component failure.
• Maintainability - A measure of how easily bug fixes or functional modifications can be accomplished. High maintainability can be the product of modularity and extensibility.
• Reliability (Software durability) - The software is able to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.
• Reusability - The ability to use some or all of the aspects of the preexisting software in other projects with little to no modification.
• Robustness - The software is able to operate under stress or tolerate unpredictable or invalid input. For example, it can be designed with resilience to low memory conditions.
• Security - The software is able to withstand and resist hostile acts and influences.
• Usability - The software user interface must be usable for its target user/audience. Default values for the parameters must be chosen so that they are a good choice for the majority of the users.[5]
• Performance - The software performs its tasks within a time-frame that is acceptable for the user, and does not require too much memory.
• Portability - The software should be usable across a number of different conditions and environments.
• Scalability - The software adapts well to increasing data or number of users.

軟體工匠

再回顧軟體工藝宣言，筆者很多年前已在上面簽名：

不僅要讓軟體工作，更要精益求精。

不僅可以響應變化，更要穩步增加價值。

不僅要有個體與互動，更要形成專業人員的社群。

不僅要與客戶合作，更要建立卓有成效的夥伴關係。

也就是說，左項固然值得追求，右項同樣不可或缺。

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

如有想了解更多軟體設計與架構, 系統IT,企業資訊化, 團隊管理 資訊，請關注我的微信訂閱號：

作者：Petter Liu
出處：http://www.cnblogs.com/wintersun/
本文版權歸作者和部落格園共有，歡迎轉載，但未經作者同意必須保留此段宣告，且在文章頁面明顯位置給出原文連線，否則保留追究法律責任的權利。 該文章也同時釋出在我的獨立部落格中-Petter Liu Blog。