使用dataguard將單例項資料庫轉換為rac資料庫
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-31
我們經常將oracle rac資料庫通過dataguard容災到一個單例項資料庫中，當生產庫出現故障後可以將生產庫切換到dg伺服器上。而當生產庫rac修復完成後，我們同樣可以通過dg將資料回切到生產庫中。
此次測試將單例項資料庫通過dg轉換為rac資料庫，這個單例項是剛建立的，並不是由rac通過dg生成的。
在做dg之前需要安裝完成grid，不需要建立資料庫例項。在日誌應用的時候必須只能是一個例項應用。
具體環境如下：
單例項庫：
資料庫版本:11.2.0.4.0
sid：suq
db_unique_name=suq
ip：192.168.56.35
hostname:11g1
rac資料庫：
資料庫版本:11.2.0.4.0
sid：suq1、suq2
db_unique_name=suq1
ip地址規劃：
#PUBLIC
192.168.56.110 suq1
192.168.56.112 suq2
#VIP
192.168.56.111 suq1-vip
192.168.56.113 suq2-vip
#PRIV
172.168.1.21 suq1-priv
172.168.1.23 suq2-priv
#SCAN
192.168.56.25 suq-cluster-scan
具體步驟如下：
1.配置一些rac和dg的基本引數，包括：
修改主庫force logging、建立standby logfile、建立密碼檔案並且拷貝到rac下、新增主庫和備庫的服務命名：
alter database force logging; alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo04.log') size 50m; alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo05.log') size 50m; alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo06.log') size 50m; alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/stand_redo07.log') size 50m; ## primary= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.35)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = suq) ) ) standby= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = suq1) (UR = A) ) )
注意：standby端即rac端的ip地址寫的是suq1的vip地址，而且需要加上(UR=A)選項，否則通過sqlplus連線不到rac例項。
2.生成standby端的oracle 引數檔案，這一步引數裡面的內容及其重要，必須寫正確，特別是rac和dg的引數，目前我的rac有三個磁碟組
[[email protected] ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 3435 3329 0 3329 0 N BACKUP/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 4305 1988 0 1988 0 N DATADG/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 1458 1058 0 1058 0 Y SYSTEMDG/下面是我寫好的一個引數檔案：
suq.__db_cache_size=335544320
suq.__java_pool_size=4194304
suq.__large_pool_size=4194304
suq.__oracle_base='/u01/app'
suq.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
suq.__sga_target=503316480
suq.__shared_io_pool_size=0
suq.__shared_pool_size=146800640
suq.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/suq'
*.audit_trail='none'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATADG/suq/control.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='suq'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+BACKUP'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=838860800
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#### rac parameter
suq1.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521))'
suq2.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.113)(PORT=1521))'
suq1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
suq2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
suq1.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'
suq2.remote_listener='suq-cluster-scan:1521'
suq1.instance_name=suq1
suq2.instance_name=suq2
suq1.instance_number=1
suq2.instance_number=2
*.cluster_database=true
*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATADG'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='+DATADG'
suq1.thread=1
suq2.thread=2
### dg parameter
*.db_unique_name=suq1
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq','+DATADG/suq/datafile'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+datadg/suq/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq'
*.fal_server=primary
*.fal_client=standby
注意：suq1、suq2的local_listener和remote_listener必須配置正確，否則開啟庫之後scan ip可能失效
3.配置主庫的dg引數：
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(suq,suq1)' scope=both;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq1' scope=both;
alter system set fal_server=suq1 scope=both;
alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;4.在保證所有需要的目錄都已經建立完成的情況下，將備庫啟動到nomount，並且測試tnsnames的連通性：
SQL>startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/initsuq1.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 553651280 bytes
Database Buffers 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUL-2015 21:27:45
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 26-JUL-2015 18:58:27
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 29 min. 17 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/suq1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.110)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.56.111)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "suq1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "suq1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:48:08 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 26 21:50:25 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit5.使用duplicate 建立standby database：
[[email protected] arch]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jul 26 22:28:11 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SUQ (DBID=1469685490)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/[email protected]
connected to auxiliary database: SUQ (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=141 instance=suq1 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwsuq1' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=147 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '+DATADG/suq/control.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_suq.f tag=TAG20150726T222820 RECID=3 STAMP=886112900
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to +DATADG/suq/datafile/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 26-JUL-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf
output file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf tag=TAG20150726T222829
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-JUL-15
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=886113015 file name=+DATADG/suq/datafile/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 26-JUL-15
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.6.standby開啟實時應用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.注意：我在做到這一步的時候一開始發現主庫怎麼也不向備庫傳送歸檔檔案，也沒有任何報錯資訊，搞了很長時間，後來將log_archive_dest_state_2重新設定為enable後就正常了。
7.switch over，將備庫轉換為主庫，分別在主庫我備庫進行角色轉換：
主庫：
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
SESSIONS ACTIVE
注：當SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為TO STANDBY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的時候表示主庫可以支援SWITCHOVER.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
Database altered.
備庫：
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
SESSIONS ACTIVE
注：只有SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為TO PRIMARY or SESSIONS ACTIVE的狀態時，表示備庫當前支援switch over操作。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY with session shutdown;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.8.到這一步，rac的一個節點已經可以正常開啟資料庫了，但是節點2需要的redo，undo表空間都還沒有，需要手工建立：
SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 8 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo08.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 9 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo09.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 10 ('+DATADG/suq/datafile/redo10.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile '+DATADG/suq/datafile/undotbs02.dbf' size 20m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database enable public thread 2;
Database altered.
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql
Package created.
Package body created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
View created.
Synonym created.
Grant succeeded.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
View created.
Grant succeeded.
Synonym created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.節點2開啟資料庫，測試資料庫是否正常：
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jul 27 09:54:00 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 553651280 bytes
Database Buffers 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$active_instances；
INST_NUMBER INST_NAME
----------- --------------------------------------------------
1 suq1:suq1
2 suq2:suq2
SQL> select * from v$Log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
1 1 35 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 288331 27-JUL-15 2.8147E+14
2 1 33 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE 281944 27-JUL-15 282047 27-JUL-15
3 1 34 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 282047 27-JUL-15 288331 27-JUL-15
8 2 4 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 288227 27-JUL-15 2.8147E+14
9 2 2 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE 286810 27-JUL-15 286815 27-JUL-15
10 2 3 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 286815 27-JUL-15 288227 27-JUL-158.此時的資料庫是可以正常開啟使用了，一般還需將引數檔案寫到asm中，而且此時的資料庫都是本地管理，並沒有註冊到grid中，還需要手工註冊：
[[email protected] admin]$ srvctl config database
[[email protected] admin]$
[[email protected] admin]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.BACKUP.dg
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.DATADG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.SYSTEMDG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE suq1 Started
ONLINE ONLINE suq2 Started
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE suq1
OFFLINE OFFLINE suq2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.registry.acfs
ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ONLINE ONLINE suq2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2
ora.suq1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq1
ora.suq2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE suq2
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add database -d suq -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl config database
suq
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq1 -i suq1
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add instance -d suq -n suq2 -i suq2
SQL> create spfile='+datadg' from pfile;
File created.
[[email protected] cssd]# srvctl modify database -d suq -p '+datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615' [[email protected] dbs]$ srvctl config database -d suq -a
Database unique name: suq
Database name:
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +datadg/suq1/parameterfile/spfile.325.886161615
Domain:
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: suq
Database instances: suq1,suq2
Disk Groups:
Mount point paths:
Services:
Type: RAC
Database is enabled
Database is administrator managed檢視一下監聽，有可能還需要修改services_name引數：
SQL> alter system set service_names=suq scope=both;到此，單例項已經轉換完成了rac資料庫。可以重啟一下機器，看看資料庫能否自動啟動，資源是否正常。
good luck！