理解高併發(15).Future、Callable實現原理及用法
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-31
概述
jdk1.5推出的,使用它能帶來2個方便:
try {
String s = future.get();
System.out.println("reuslt=" + s);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
executor.shutdown();
}
static class WorkThread implements Callable<String> {
public String call() throws Exception {
return "hello";
}
}
}
原理分析
需要弄清楚2個問題:
1. 執行緒如何執行到call方法?
整個過程的核心在構建RunnableFuture, 當觸發submit時,會去構建一個RunnableFuture物件,該物件實現了Runnable和Future介面,所以具體執行緒的特性和Future的特性。
構建完RunnableFuture物件後,交由執行緒池去處理,執行緒池會去觸發呼叫RunnableFuture中的run, 而在run方法中又呼叫了call方法。
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
2. 如何獲得到返回值?
構造完RunnableFuture物件後, 會將該物件的控制代碼返回給呼叫者執行緒。 呼叫者執行緒如果呼叫了RunnableFuture.get(), 當前執行緒會被阻塞,會採用cas實現機制迴圈探測執行緒是否執行完畢,執行完畢則立馬回。
裡面運用了LockSupport.park /LockSupport.unpark 進行執行緒通訊, get值時如果任務沒有執行完,LockSupport.park阻塞執行緒; put值時,lockSupport.unpark喚醒阻塞;
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
for (;;) {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;
return s;
}
else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
Thread.yield();
else if (q == null)
q = new WaitNode();
else if (!queued)
queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {
nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanos <= 0L) {
removeWaiter(q);
return state;
}
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
else
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
- 能夠獲得到執行緒執行後返回的結果
- 執行緒異常有效捕獲