SpringBoot Web/API的通用異常處理[嗡湯圓的小筆記]
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-31
view的異常處理
SpringBoot Web專案中對於view的預設錯誤資訊頁如下:
並不十分友好,因此需要對異常進行自定義處理,步驟如下:
- 建立
@ControllerAdvice
Bean。並分別為各異常類制定處理方式。為簡單起見,本處僅對Exception(500錯誤)和NoHandlerFoundException(即404錯誤)進行處理 - 設定ServletDispatcher,允許404異常丟擲(若不做此設定,NoHandlerFoundException不會被捕獲)
程式碼如下:
/*STEP 1 : 宣告@ControllerAdvice Bean*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class ErrorView {
@ExceptionHandler(value=Exception.class)
public ModelAndView defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) throws Exception {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.addObject("ERRORCODE", 500);
view.addObject("ERRORMSG" , e.getMessage());
view.addObject("URL", request.getRequestURL());
view.setViewName("error");
return view;
}
@ExceptionHandler(value=NoHandlerFoundException.class)
public ModelAndView pageNoFoundHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) throws Exception {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.addObject("ERRORCODE", 404);
view.addObject("ERRORMSG", "頁面未找到");
view.addObject("URL", request.getRequestURL());
view.setViewName("error");
return view;
}
}
/*STEP - 2 : 設定DispatcherServlet的404異常丟擲*/
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class WebProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(WebProxy.class, args);
// 自定義處理404異常
DispatcherServlet servlet = (DispatcherServlet) ctx.getBean("dispatcherServlet");
servlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(true);
}
}
在此基礎上,製作一個異常頁面error.html即可。程式碼如下(此處藉助thymeleaf模板引擎):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
<title>ERROR</title>
<!-- 基本樣式和庫 -->
<div th:include="layout/common :: header"></div>
<div th:include="layout/common :: lib"></div>
<!-- 基本樣式和庫 -->
</head>
<body>
<header class="header">
<h1>
<a href="#" class="sel-station">錯誤頁面</a>
</h1>
</header>
<div class="content" id="app">
<div class="media"><img th:src="@{/static/images/ico18.png}" width="100%" /></div>
<div class="lobby-place">
<section class="item">
<p th:text="'code:'+${ERRORCODE}">ERRORCODE</p>
<p th:text="'url:'+${URL}">
URL
</p>
<P th:text="'msg:'+${ERRORMSG}">
ERRORMSG
</P>
<a class="btn btn-block btn-primary" th:href="@{/view/index}">回首頁</a>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
顯示效果如下:
增加API的異常處理
在增加通用處理前,首先先定義所有API的規範化資料結構。基本資訊應包括:狀態碼statusCode, 狀態資訊statusMsg,資料data。程式碼如下:
public class ResultBean {
private int statusCode;
private String statusMsg;
private Object data;
/*getter setter 省略*/
}
定義statusCode == 0 為成功,則從data中獲取資料,否則失敗,從statusMsg中獲取錯誤資訊。
同時,對於請求url地址統一定位於/api/
之下,這樣既可通過url判斷該請求屬於檢視還是API介面。
將返回的ModelAndView 改為Object,同時加上@ResponseBody
修改後的@ControllerAdvice
如下
@ControllerAdvice
public class ErrorView {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(value=Exception.class)
public Object defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) throws Exception {
if (!returnJson(request)) {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.addObject("ERRORCODE", 500);
view.addObject("ERRORMSG", e.getMessage());
view.addObject("URL", request.getRequestURL());
view.setViewName("error");
return view;
} else {
System.out.println("is json");
ResultBean bean = new ResultBean();
bean.setReturnCode(-1);
bean.setReturnMsg("[api異常]" + e.getMessage());
return bean;
}
}
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(value=NoHandlerFoundException.class)
public Object pageNoFoundHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) throws Exception {
if (!returnJson(request)) {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
view.addObject("ERRORCODE", 404);
view.addObject("ERRORMSG", "頁面未找到");
view.addObject("URL", request.getRequestURL());
view.setViewName("error");
return view;
} else {
System.out.println("is json");
ResultBean bean = new ResultBean();
bean.setReturnCode(-1);
bean.setReturnMsg("地址未找到");
return bean;
}
}
private boolean returnJson(HttpServletRequest request){
System.out.println(request.getRequestURI());
return request.getRequestURI().contains("/api/");
}
}
這樣在呼叫Api出現異常時既可返回相應的錯誤資訊。效果入下: