linux常用幫助命令man、whatis、apropos、--help、help+命令
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-31
Linux幫助命令
man命令在內部是使用more來檢視幫助檔案的,所以可以使用more命令的一些快捷鍵
當命令和配置檔名相同時,可以通過man 1 passwd檢視命令幫助,man 5 passwd檢視配置檔案幫助
兩種幫助檔案(命令和配置檔案相同時)
1.命令的幫助
5.配置檔案的幫助
一、man檢視命令幫助
- 在man閱讀命令資訊下按/輸入搜尋內容可以在當前文字中查詢,同時按n跳轉到下一個查詢到的內容
二、man檢視配置檔案幫助
不能以絕對路徑檢視,否則是列印檔案內容
- man 配置檔名
三、其他相關命令
3.1、whatis只檢視命令簡短幫助文件資訊
[root@localhost ~]# whatis ifconfig
ifconfig (8) - 配置網路介面
3.2、apropos只檢視配置檔案簡短幫助文件資訊
[[email protected] ~]# apropos ifconfig
ifconfig (8) - 配置網路介面
ifcfg (8) - simplistic script which replaces ifconfig IP management
pifconfig (8) - display information about a network interface
3.3、命令後加–help檢視常見的命令選項資訊
[[email protected] ~]# ls --help
用法:ls [選項]... [檔案]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all 不隱藏任何以. 開始的專案
-A, --almost-all 列出除. 及.. 以外的任何專案
--author 與-l 同時使用時列出每個檔案的作者
-b, --escape 以八進位制溢位序列表示不可列印的字元
--block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of
1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',
or 'always' (the default); more info below
-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g 類似-l,但不列出所有者
--group-directories-first
group directories before files;
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group 以一個長列表的形式,不輸出組名
-h, --human-readable 與-l 一起,以易於閱讀的格式輸出檔案大小
(例如 1K 234M 2G)
--si 同上面類似,但是使用1000 為基底而非1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
-l 使用較長格式列出資訊
-L, --dereference 當顯示符號連結的檔案資訊時,顯示符號連結所指示
的物件而並非符號連結本身的資訊
-m 所有專案以逗號分隔,並填滿整行行寬
-n, --numeric-uid-gid 類似 -l,但列出UID 及GID 號
-N, --literal 輸出未經處理的專案名稱 (如不特別處理控制字元)
-o 類似 -l,但不列出有關組的資訊
-p, --indicator-style=slash 對目錄加上表示符號"/"
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-r, --reverse 逆序排列
-R, --recursive 遞迴顯示子目錄
-s, --size 以塊數形式顯示每個檔案分配的尺寸
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
modification time: atime or access or use (-u)
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
as sort key if --sort=time
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT
is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
with -l: show access time and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1 list one file per line
SELinux options:
--lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
will probably be too wide for most displays.
-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most
displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
security context and file name.
--scontext Display only security context and file name.
--help 顯示此幫助資訊並退出
--version 顯示版本資訊並退出
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
3.4、help+命令 檢視Shell內建命令
查不到命令路徑的都是Shell內建命令
[root@localhost temp]# help umask
umask: umask [-p] [-S] [模式]
顯示或設定檔案模式掩碼。
設定使用者檔案建立掩碼為 MODE 模式。如果省略了 MODE,則
列印當前掩碼的值。
如果MODE 模式以數字開頭,則被當作八進位制數解析;否則是一個
chmod(1) 可接收的符號模式串。
選項:
-p 如果省略 MDOE 模式,以可重用為輸入的格式輸入
-S 以符號形式輸出,否則以八進位制數格式輸出
退出狀態:
返回成功,除非使用了無效的 MODE 模式或者選項。