Android面試篇之ArrayList和LinkedList的區別
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-31
● 資料結構
ArrayList基於動態陣列;LinkedList基於連結串列
● 隨機訪問
ArrayList優於LinkedList,因為LinkedList要移動指標來查詢,下面以get方法為例
//ArrayList的get方法,直接從陣列中獲取元素值 public E get(int index) { if (index < 0 || index >= this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); return (E) ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index]; } //LinkedList的get方法,node方法用來進行查詢 public E get(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return node(index).item; } Node<E> node(int index) { if (index < (size >> 1)) {//若index小於size的一半,則從頭開始查詢 Node<E> x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) x = x.next; return x; } else {//若index大於size的一半,則從末尾向前開始查詢 Node<E> x = last; for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) x = x.prev; return x; } }
● 插入刪除
1. 末尾插入,兩個的時間複雜度都是O(1),所以差不多 [刪除操作也同理]
//ArrayList的add方法 public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; } //LinkedList的add方法 public boolean add(E e) { linkLast(e); return true; } void linkLast(E e) { final Node<E> l = last; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null); last = newNode; if (l == null) first = newNode; else l.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; }
2. 中間插入,時間複雜度也都是O(n),所以也差不多 [刪除操作也同理]
//ArrayList的add方法 public void add(int index, E element) { if (index > size || index < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index);//index後面的元素後移,時間複雜度O(n) elementData[index] = element; size++; } //LinkedList的add方法 public void add(int index, E element) { checkPositionIndex(index); if (index == size) //index等於size時,直接連結到末尾 linkLast(element); else //否則直接將element連結到node(index)前面,node(index)的時間複雜度也是O(n) linkBefore(element, node(index)); } void linkLast(E e) { final Node<E> l = last; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null); last = newNode; if (l == null) first = newNode; else l.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; } void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) { // assert succ != null; final Node<E> pred = succ.prev; final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ); succ.prev = newNode; if (pred == null) first = newNode; else pred.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; }