Android中Kotlin的學習(點選事件、跳轉、for迴圈、RecyclerView、回撥)
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-31
剛剛學習Kotlin,有什麼不對的地方請見諒。
首先屬性的宣告中有兩個很重要的關鍵字: var 和 val。
例如:
var a = "hello"
val b = "hello"
區別是什麼呢? var可多次分配; val只能一次初始化。
點選事件:
xml中View定義:
有幾種實現方法,我就偷會兒懶,只寫最簡單的一種:<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="button 1"/>
哈哈.... 程式碼中為什麼省略了 findViewById() 呢 , 記得一定要在你的model下的build中加入,有的就不用加了, 沒有的就要手動加入override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) button1.setOnClickListener { showToast("點選了按鈕") } } fun showToast(message: String) { Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
apply plugin:'kotlin-android-extensions' , 到時你在程式碼中輸入上面的 button1 時 , 就會自動帶入這個包 import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_second.*
頁面跳轉並攜帶資料,引用另一類中的屬性:
val intent = Intent(this, SecondActivity::class.java) intent.putExtra(SecondActivity::action.get(SecondActivity()), "傳遞正確") startActivity(intent)
SecondActivity:
class SecondActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
// val action = "com.secondActivity.intent" 也可以
val action: String = "com.secondActivity.intent"
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second)
// 此處textView同上面button1一樣的
textView.text = intent.getStringExtra(action)
}
for迴圈:
例子:
val str = "Hello Kotlin !"
var array = arrayOf("3","d","x","gfd","w"," ","k","5","1","","h","4")
for (i in array) print(i) // 陣列遍歷 結果:3dxgfdw k51h4
println()
for (i in array.reversed()) print(i) // 倒序 結果:4h15k wgfdxd3
println()
for (i in 0..array.size-1) print(i) // .. 範圍 結果:01234567891011
println()
for (i in 2..2) print(i) // 結果:2
println()
for (i in array.size downTo 3) print(i) // 結果:1211109876543
println()
for (i in array.size - 1 downTo 0 step 5) print(array[i]) // 結果:4kd
println()
for (i in str) print(i) // 字串遍歷 結果:Hello Kotlin !
println()
for (i in 0..str.lastIndex) print(i) // 結果:012345678910111213
println()
for (i in 0..str.length-1) print(i) // 結果:012345678910111213
println()
RecyclerView :
activity:
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initRecyclerView()
}
fun initRecyclerView() {
recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
recyclerView.adapter = MainAdapter(this, array)
}
adapter:
介面卡的結構如下,它自建立一些必須的方法:
注:構造方法直接就放在類名後面了。
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(p0: MyViewHolder?, p1: Int) {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(p0: ViewGroup?, p1: Int): MyViewHolder {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
有些元素被標註為nullable。這是因為如果庫沒有適當的@Nullable和@NonNull標註,Kotlin就沒有方法知道null是否允許,這就要讓我們來決定了。如果我們通過預設方式自建立方法了,它就會認為其值是nullable。
但是,進一步研究支援庫,我們就知道哪些值是為null,所以我們能夠刪除它。
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.title.text = "標題:"
holder.content.text = data[position]
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
var title: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_title) as TextView
var content: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_content) as TextView
}
}
之前說到kotlin可以不用findViewById() , 因此這裡也可以這樣寫:
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.text = "標題:"
holder.itemView.tv_content.text = data[position]
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
是不是感覺程式碼量縮短了很多。你再想想,item中有很多view,是不是就要繁瑣的findViewById()。而這裡就可以不用,就可以不用去做那些無聊的事情。
結果:
回撥 :
首先定義一個介面:
interface OnItemClickListener {
fun onclick(v: View, position: Int)
}
然後:
adapter:
class MainAdapter(val context: Context, val data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
private var onItemClickListener: OnItemClickListener? = null
fun setOnItemClickListener(onItemClickListener: OnItemClickListener) {
this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener
}
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.text = "標題:"
holder.itemView.tv_content.text = data[position]
if (onItemClickListener != null) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.setOnClickListener { onItemClickListener?.onclick(holder.itemView.tv_title, position) }
}
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
activity:
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initRecyclerView()
}
fun initRecyclerView() {
recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
val mainAdapter = MainAdapter(this, array)
recyclerView.adapter = mainAdapter
mainAdapter.setOnItemClickListener(object : OnItemClickListener {
override fun onclick(v: View, position: Int) {
Toast.makeText([email protected], position.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
})
}
總結:看起來和用java開發是一樣的,重點是要學習kotlin的語法、關鍵字、符號等這些基本的東西還是要好好的去研究一下。