java方式郵件整體流程(最新最詳細版)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-01
郵件作為較正式的溝通方式,在專案中會經常用到,無論是通知或者是審批功能,郵件都是義不容辭.
那麼專案中是發郵件的流程是什麼呢?過程如下
一,專案說明:java語言. Maven專案.SSM框架:Spring+SpringMvc+Mybatis
二,整體流程
1,建立郵件基本資訊類MailMessage
import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 李光光(編碼小王子) * @date 2018年10月24日 上午10:18:17 * @version 1.0 */ public class MailMessage { private String server;// 郵件型別,eg,163郵箱還是qq郵箱 private String username;// 發件箱的使用者名稱 private String password;// 發件箱的郵箱密碼 private String nickname;// 發件箱的暱稱 private String sender;// 發件箱的郵箱賬號 private String receiver;// 收件人的郵箱賬號 private List<String> receiverList;// 收件人的郵箱賬號的列表 private String subject;// 郵件主題 private Map<String, String> map;// 郵件內容 private String templateName;// 郵件模板 //get和set方法 }
2,建立郵件基本資訊類MailSender
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.List; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.BodyPart; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.Multipart; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.AddressException; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart; import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; /** * @author 李光光(編碼小王子) * @date 2018年10月24日 上午10:21:43 * @version 1.0 */ public class MailSender { private MimeMessage mimeMsg;// 郵件物件 private Session session; // 郵件會話物件 private Properties props; // 系統屬性 private Multipart mp; // Multipart物件,郵件內容,標題,附件等內容均新增到其中後再生成 private String username;// 發件人的使用者名稱 private String password;// 發件人的密碼 private String nickname;// 發件人的暱稱 public MailSender(String smtpHost) { setSmtpHost(smtpHost); createMimeMessage(); } public void setSmtpHost(String hostName) { if (props == null) { props = System.getProperties(); props.put("mail.smtp.host", hostName); } } public void createMimeMessage() { // 獲得郵件會話物件 session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null); // 建立MIME郵件物件 mimeMsg = new MimeMessage(session); mp = new MimeMultipart(); } // 設定是否身份認證 public void setNeedAuth(boolean isAuth) { if (isAuth) { props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); } else { props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "false"); } } // 設定令牌口令 public void setNamePass(String userName, String password, String nickname) { this.username = userName; this.password = password; this.nickname = nickname; } // 設定主題 public void setSubject(String subject) throws UnsupportedEncodingException,MessagingException { mimeMsg.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(subject, "utf-8", "B")); } // 設定內容 public void setBody(String mailBody) throws MessagingException { BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart(); bp.setContent("" + mailBody, "text/html;charset=utf-8"); mp.addBodyPart(bp); } // 郵件接收人 public void setReceivers(List<String> receivers) throws AddressException, MessagingException { InternetAddress[] address = new InternetAddress[receivers.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < receivers.size(); i++) { address[i] = new InternetAddress(receivers.get(i)); } mimeMsg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address); } // 發件人 public void setSender(String sender) throws UnsupportedEncodingException,AddressException, MessagingException { nickname = MimeUtility.encodeText(nickname, "utf-8", "B"); mimeMsg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(nickname + " <" + sender + ">")); } public void sendout() throws MessagingException { mimeMsg.setContent(mp); mimeMsg.saveChanges(); Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, null); Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport("smtp"); transport.connect((String) props.get("mail.smtp.host"), username,password); transport.sendMessage(mimeMsg,mimeMsg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO)); transport.close(); } }
3,建立郵件傳送的工具類MailUtils
import java.io.IOException; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import freemarker.template.TemplateException; /** * @author 李光光(編碼小王子) * @date 2018年10月24日 上午10:11:50 * @version 1.0 */ public class MailUtils { private static Logger logger =LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailUtils.class); public static void sendMail(MailMessage mailMessage) throws IOException, TemplateException,MessagingException { String mailBody = ""; MailSender mail = new MailSender(mailMessage.getServer()); mail.setNeedAuth(true); mail.setNamePass(mailMessage.getUsername(), mailMessage.getPassword(), mailMessage.getNickname()); // 獲取郵件傳送內容 mailBody = TemplateFactory.getHtmlFromFtl(mailMessage.getTemplateName(), mailMessage.getMap()); // 設定郵件傳送引數 mail.setSubject(mailMessage.getSubject()); mail.setBody(mailBody); mail.setReceivers(mailMessage.getReceiverList()); mail.setSender(mailMessage.getSender()); // 傳送郵件 try { mail.sendout(); logger.error("傳送人" + mailMessage.getSender() + "接收人" + mailMessage.getReceiverList() + "內容" + mailBody); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("傳送郵件失敗原因" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } } }
4,建立郵件模板,模板在專案中的位置如下:
模板具體內如如下:大家可以根據需要自行修改模板內如,模板是使用如下格式接收傳值的${引數名}
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>訪客通知</title>
</head>
<body>
<br/>
<p>您好</p>
<p>您為訪客${visitorName}等${visitorNum}人開通了${visitTime}日預約。</p>
<p>以上為系統郵件，請勿回覆，謝謝.</p>
<p>===================================================</p>
</body>
</html>5,建立獲取模板內容的工具類 TemplateFactory
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import freemarker.template.Configuration;
import freemarker.template.Template;
import freemarker.template.TemplateException;
/**
* @author 李光光(編碼小王子)
* @date 2018年10月24日 上午10:33:19
* @version 1.0
*/
public class TemplateFactory {
private static String ENCODING= "UTF-8";
private static String pathPrefix ="/template";//模板路徑
private static Configuration conf = new Configuration();//模板配置
static{
conf.setClassForTemplateLoading(TemplateFactory.class, pathPrefix);
conf.setDefaultEncoding(ENCODING);
}
private static Map<String, Template> tempMap = new HashMap<String, Template>();// 郵件模板快取池
/**
*@param templateName 模板名稱
*@param param 引數資料模型
*/
public static String getHtmlFromFtl(String templateName,Map<String,String> param)throws TemplateException, IOException{
Template templete = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream outBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outBytes, ENCODING));
// 獲取當前模板
templete = getTemplateByName(templateName);
templete.setEncoding(ENCODING);
templete.process(param, out);
String outStr = new String(outBytes.toByteArray(), ENCODING);
return outStr.toString();
}
/**
* @param templateName 模板名稱
* */
private static Template getTemplateByName(String templateName) throws IOException {
if (tempMap.containsKey(templateName)) {
return tempMap.get(templateName);// 快取中有該模板直接返回
}
// 快取中沒有該模板時，生成新模板並放入快取中
Template temp = conf.getTemplate(templateName);
tempMap.put(templateName, temp);
return temp;
}
}
6,建立傳送郵件的service介面SendMailService
import com.jd.am.visit.domain.bespeak.Bespeak;
/**
* @author 李光光(編碼小王子)
* @date 2018年10月24日 上午11:22:29
* @version 1.0
*/
public interface SendMailService {
void sendMail(Bespeak bespeak) throws Exception;
}
7,建立service層SendMailService介面的實現類SendMailServiceImpl,並在方法裡呼叫傳送郵件工具類裡的方法,傳送郵件
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author 李光光(編碼小王子)
* @date 2018年10月24日 上午11:25:55
* @version 1.0
*/
@Service
public class SendMailServiceImpl implements SendMailService {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private UserinfoService userinfoService;
private String smtpHost = "smtp.163.com";
private String username = "郵箱賬號";
private String password = "郵箱密碼";
private String nickname = "郵箱賬號";
private String sender = "郵箱賬號";
@Override
public void sendMail(Bespeak bespeak) throws Exception {
MailMessage mailMessage = new MailMessage();
mailMessage.setServer(smtpHost);
mailMessage.setUsername(username);
mailMessage.setPassword(password);
mailMessage.setNickname(nickname);
mailMessage.setSender(sender);
List<String> receiverList = new ArrayList<String>();
receiverList.add("接收郵箱賬號");
mailMessage.setReceiverList(receiverList);
mailMessage.setSubject("訪客通知");
mailMessage.setTemplateName("mealEmail.ftl");
Map<String, String> param = getMailContent();
mailMessage.setMap(param);
try{
//呼叫傳送郵件的工具類中的方法,傳送郵件
MailUtils.sendMail(mailMessage);
} catch (Exception ex) {
logger.error("傳送失敗" + ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("郵件傳送失敗!");
}
}
private Map getMailContent(){
Map<String, String> param = new HashMap<String, String>();
param.put("visitorName", "張三");
param.put("visitorNum", "1");
return param;
}
}