WindowManagerService新增View流程
我們都知道在android中所有的介面顯示相關的,都是通過WindowManager.addView方法來將當前需要顯示的View新增到window中。
Window與WindowManager之間的關係
WindowManager的實現類就是WindowManagerImpl:
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
// 每一個window都又一個唯一標識的token,這裡如果沒有,則設定系統預設的
applyDefaultToken(params );
// mGlobal是WindowManagerGlobal型別
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
然後通過,ViewRootImpl進一步實現當前需要顯示的View的繪製,具體可以參考setContentView那些事
可以看到,在framework中Window和PhoneWindow構成了視窗的抽象部分,其中Window為抽象介面,PhoneWindow為具體實現,同樣的WindowManager是實現部分的父類
WindowManagerImpl為具體實現邏輯,在WindowManagerImpl中使用WindowManagerGlobal通過IWindowManager介面與WindowManagerService進行互動,並由WMS完成具體的視窗管理工作
public final class WindowManagerGlobal {
private static IWindowManager sWindowManagerService;
public static IWindowManager getWindowManagerService() {
synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
if (sWindowManagerService == null) {
sWindowManagerService = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService("window" ));
try {
sWindowManagerService = getWindowManagerService();
ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(sWindowManagerService.getCurrentAnimatorScale());
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get WindowManagerService, cannot set animator scale", e);
}
}
return sWindowManagerService;
}
}
}
Window與WindowManager建立連線
在Window中維護了一個mWindowManager屬性,可以通過 方法設定一個mWindowManager,來和WindowManager建立連線
public abstract class Window {
private WindowManager mWindowManager;
public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName) {
setWindowManager(wm, appToken, appName, false);
}
public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName,
boolean hardwareAccelerated) {
mAppToken = appToken;
mAppName = appName;
mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated
|| SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_HARDWARE_UI, false);
if (wm == null) {
wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
}
mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this);
}
....
}
關於WindowManagerService
WindowManagerService(WMS),和其他系統服務一樣也是在SystemServer中啟動的。
public final class SystemServer {
private void startOtherServices() {
....
// 通過WindowManagerService的靜態main方法獲取一個WindowManagerService例項
wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL,
!mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore);
// 將WMS新增到ServiceManager中
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager);
mActivityManagerService.setWindowManager(wm);
}
}
在startOtherServices中,獲取WindowManagerService例項,然後新增到ServiceManager中,之後我們就可以通過ServiceManager#getService獲取WMS了.
WindowManagerService.main方法
通過WindowManagerService.main方法獲取WMS例項,其實就是在main方法內部通過非同步方法new了一個WindowManagerService例項。
public static WindowManagerService main(final Context context,
final InputManagerService im,
final boolean haveInputMethods, final boolean showBootMsgs,
final boolean onlyCore) {
final WindowManagerService[] holder = new WindowManagerService[1];
DisplayThread.getHandler().runWithScissors(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 通過非同步方法建立一個WindowManagerService例項
holder[0] = new WindowManagerService(context, im,
haveInputMethods, showBootMsgs, onlyCore);
}
}, 0);
return holder[0];
}
WindowManagerService構造方法
private WindowManagerService(Context context, InputManagerService inputManager,
boolean haveInputMethods, boolean showBootMsgs, boolean onlyCore) {
// 完成一些初始化工作
mContext = context;
mHaveInputMethods = haveInputMethods;
mAllowBootMessages = showBootMsgs;
mOnlyCore = onlyCore;
// 省略程式碼
// 獲取顯示服務
mDisplayManager = (DisplayManager)context.getSystemService(Context.DISPLAY_SERVICE);
// 為每一個display分配一個content
mDisplays = mDisplayManager.getDisplays();
for (Display display : mDisplays) {
createDisplayContentLocked(display);
}
mKeyguardDisableHandler = new KeyguardDisableHandler(mContext, mPolicy);
// 獲取PowerManager服務,並且註冊LowPowerModeObserver
mPowerManager = (PowerManager)context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
mPowerManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(PowerManagerInternal.class);
mPowerManagerInternal.registerLowPowerModeObserver(
new PowerManagerInternal.LowPowerModeListener() {
@Override
public void onLowPowerModeChanged(boolean enabled) {
synchronized (mWindowMap) {
if (mAnimationsDisabled != enabled && !mAllowAnimationsInLowPowerMode) {
mAnimationsDisabled = enabled;
dispatchNewAnimatorScaleLocked(null);
}
}
}
});
// 省略程式碼
// 獲取IActivityManager
mActivityManager = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
mBatteryStats = BatteryStatsService.getService();
mAppOps = (AppOpsManager)context.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
AppOpsManager.OnOpChangedInternalListener opListener =
new AppOpsManager.OnOpChangedInternalListener() {
@Override public void onOpChanged(int op, String packageName) {
updateAppOpsState();
}
};
.....
// 構建視窗動畫
mAnimator = new WindowAnimator(this);
// 初始化視窗管理策略
initPolicy();
// 開啟繪製SurfaceView事務
SurfaceControl.openTransaction();
....
}
深入理解WindowManagerService
WMS主要用來管理當前視窗和對事件的管理和分發,在IWindowManager.aidl檔案中定義了大部分WMS的功能方法,另外作為視窗的管理者,WMS裡也定義了各種不同的視窗
public class WindowManagerService extends IWindowManager.Stub
implements Watchdog.Monitor, WindowManagerPolicy.WindowManagerFuncs {
// 已經啟動完成的應用
final ArrayList<AppWindowToken> mFinishedStarting = new ArrayList<>();
// 尺寸正在改變的視窗
final ArrayList<WindowState> mResizingWindows = new ArrayList<>();
// 動畫結束的視窗
final ArrayList<WindowState> mPendingRemove = new ArrayList<>();
// 即將釋放Surface的視窗
final ArrayList<WindowState> mDestroySurface = new ArrayList<>();
// 失去焦點的視窗
ArrayList<WindowState> mLosingFocus = new ArrayList<>();
// 為了釋放記憶體,需要強制關閉的視窗
final ArrayList<WindowState> mForceRemoves = new ArrayList<>();
// 等待繪製的視窗
ArrayList<WindowState> mWaitingForDrawn = new ArrayList<>();
// 正在開啟的應用
final ArraySet<AppWindowToken> mOpeningApps = new ArraySet<>();
// 正在關閉的應用
final ArraySet<AppWindowToken> mClosingApps = new ArraySet<>();
// 當前獲得焦點的視窗
WindowState mCurrentFocus = null;
// 上一個獲得焦點的視窗
WindowState mLastFocus = null;
// 輸入發視窗下方的視窗
WindowState mInputMethodTarget = null;
// 輸入法視窗
WindowState mInputMethodWindow = null;
// 得到焦點的應用
AppWindowToken mFocusedApp = null;
}
可以看到在WMS中維護的成員變數大都用到了線性表,不同視窗或者同一個視窗在不同階段可能位於不同的線性表中,對於視窗,主要分為應用視窗和系統視窗
- 應用視窗
應用視窗中,我們常見的activity所處的視窗,應用對話視窗,應用彈出視窗都屬於該類,與應用視窗相關的主要是Window和PhoneWindow類
PhoneWindow繼承自Window,應用視窗的新增主要通過WindowManager.addView方法將一個DecorView新增到WindowManager中,具體可以參考setContentView那些事
- 系統視窗
我們平時常見的狀態列,導航欄等都是系統視窗,對於系統視窗,不像activity那樣使用setContentView來設定佈局,它沒有專門的封裝類,而是直接使用WindowManager.addView方法
將一個View新增到WindowManager中,下面看下PhoneStatusBar的顯示過程。
PhoneStatusBar的顯示
對於PhoneStatusBar,其主要的是在addStatusBarWindow中添加當前statusbar到WindowManager中的.
private void addStatusBarWindow() {
// 載入並建立StatusBarWindowView,StatusBarWindowView繼承自FrameLayout
makeStatusBarView();
mStatusBarWindowManager = new StatusBarWindowManager(mContext);
// 將StatusBarWindowView新增到WindowManager中
mStatusBarWindowManager.add(mStatusBarWindow, getStatusBarHeight());
}
載入並建立StatusBarWindowView
protected PhoneStatusBarView makeStatusBarView() {
final Context context = mContext;
Resources res = context.getResources();
updateDisplaySize(); // populates mDisplayMetrics
updateResources();
// 載入佈局檔案,並初始化mStatusBarWindow物件
mStatusBarWindow = (StatusBarWindowView) View.inflate(context,
R.layout.super_status_bar, null);
....
return mStatusBarView;
}
將StatusBarWindowView新增到WindowManager
在StatusBarWindowManager中將StatusBarWindowView新增到WindowManager中的:
public void add(View statusBarView, int barHeight) {
mLp = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(
ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
barHeight,
WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_STATUS_BAR,
WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
| WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TOUCHABLE_WHEN_WAKING
| WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH
| WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_WATCH_OUTSIDE_TOUCH
| WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS,
PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT);
mLp.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
mLp.gravity = Gravity.TOP;
mLp.softInputMode = WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_ADJUST_RESIZE;
mLp.setTitle("StatusBar");
mLp.packageName = mContext.getPackageName();
mStatusBarView = statusBarView;
mBarHeight = barHeight;
mWindowManager.addView(mStatusBarView, mLp);
mLpChanged = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
mLpChanged.copyFrom(mLp);
}
WindowManager.addView流程分析
上述程式碼通過WindowManager.addView將當前View顯示到螢幕,那麼當前View具體是怎麼被顯示到螢幕的,下面就是我們要討論的:
我們知道WindowManager是一個介面,其具體的實現類是WindowManagerImpl
public interface WindowManager extends ViewManager
看下WindowManagerImpl#addView方法:
public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
android.util.SeempLog.record_vg_layout(383,params);
applyDefaultToken(params);
// mGlobal是WindowManagerGlobal類的例項
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
}
可以看到,上述最終實質上是通過WindowManagerGlobal#addView實現具體的邏輯
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow) {
....
try {
// root是ViewRootImpl的例項
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
....
}
}
繼續分析ViewRootImpl#setView的邏輯實現:
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
synchronized (this) {
if (mView == null) {
mView = view;
....
int res; /* = WindowManagerImpl.ADD_OKAY; */
// 實現具體的繪製操作
requestLayout();
try {
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
// 通過addToDisplay方法向WMS發起一個Session請求,這裡最終會呼叫Session中對應的方法
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mInputChannel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
....
throw new RuntimeException("Adding window failed", e);
} finally {
if (restore) {
attrs.restore();
}
}
}
}
}
上面的方法主要做了下面的操作:
1. requestLayout(); // 進行具體的繪製操作
2. 呼叫了Session.addToDisplay方法:
@Override
public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets,
Rect outOutsets, InputChannel outInputChannel) {
return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId,
outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outInputChannel);
}
最終還是回到了WMS中與其建立連線,並且上述addToDisplay呼叫最終返回WMS中的addWindow的返回結果。
final WindowManagerPolicy mPolicy = new PhoneWindowManager();
public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client, int seq,
WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId,
Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets,
InputChannel outInputChannel) {
int[] appOp = new int[1];
// mPolicy實際上是一個PhoneWindowManager型別,在checkAddPermission方法中,首先判斷視窗型別是否是系統級別的,
// 如果不是系統級別的視窗,則返回一個ADD_OKAY,否則需要SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW或者INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW許可權
int res = mPolicy.checkAddPermission(attrs, appOp);
if (res != WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_OKAY) {
return res;
}
....
synchronized(mWindowMap) {
....
boolean addToken = false;
WindowToken token = mTokenMap.get(attrs.token);
if (token == null) {
// 如果視窗是子視窗
if (type >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && type <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
}
// 如果是輸入法視窗
if (type == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
}
// 如果是牆紙視窗
if (type == TYPE_WALLPAPER) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
}
// 如果是DayDream視窗,即互動屏保
if (type == TYPE_DREAM) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
}
// 構造WindowToken物件
token = new WindowToken(this, attrs.token, -1, false);
addToken = true;
} else if (type >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && type <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
// 獲取應用的AppWindowToken
AppWindowToken atoken = token.appWindowToken;
if (atoken == null) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_NOT_APP_TOKEN;
} else if (atoken.removed) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
}
if (type == TYPE_APPLICATION_STARTING && atoken.firstWindowDrawn) {
// No need for this guy!
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "**** NO NEED TO START: " + attrs.getTitle());
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_STARTING_NOT_NEEDED;
}
} else if (type == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
if (token.windowType != TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
// 如果是輸入法視窗,token的windowType必須是ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN型別
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
}
}
....
// 在視窗的有效性檢查完成之後,為當前視窗建立一個WindowState物件,來維護視窗的狀態以及根據適當的機制來調整視窗的狀態
WindowState win = new WindowState(this, session, client, token,
attachedWindow, appOp[0], seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayContent);
// 如果客戶端已經被銷燬
if (win.mDeathRecipient == null) {
return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
}
if (outInputChannel != null && (attrs.inputFeatures
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
// 如果輸出Channel的讀通道為空,則建立通道
String name = win.makeInputChannelName();
InputChannel[] inputChannels = InputChannel.openInputChannelPair(name);
win.setInputChannel(inputChannels[0]);
inputChannels[1].transferTo(outInputChannel);
// 向InputManager中註冊通道,以便當前視窗可以接收到事件
mInputManager.registerInputChannel(win.mInputChannel, win.mInputWindowHandle);
}
.....
}
}
到現在為止,使用WindowManager.addView方法顯示對應的View解析就完成了,重點總結一下:
1. WindowManager#addView—>WindowManagerGlobal#addView—>ViewRootImpl#setView
2. 在ViewRootImpl#setView中的requestLayout();實現具體的繪製操作
3. 在ViewRootImpl#setView中呼叫Session#addToDisplay
4. 在Session#addToDisplay中最終還是回到了WMS中與其建立連線,並且最終呼叫WMS的addWindow
5. 在WMS的addWindow方法中,主要做了下面幾件事:
檢查當前視窗的許可權,如果不是系統級別的視窗,則返回一個ADD_OKAY,否則需要SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW或者INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW許可權
根據當前視窗型別,返回對應的token值
當前視窗建立一個WindowState物件,來維護視窗的狀態以及根據適當的機制來調整視窗的狀態,並且通過registerInputChannel,以便當前視窗可以接收輸入事件