假設我們有如下結構體：

type User struct {
    Id    int    
    Name  string 
    Bio   string 
    Email string 
}

   ·Id的值在某一個範圍內。

   ·Name的長度在莫一個範圍內。

   ·Email格式正確。

   我們可能會這麼寫：

user := User{
        Id:    0,
        Name:  "superlongstring",
        Bio:   "",
        Email: "foobar",
}

if user.Id < 1 && user.Id > 1000 {
    return false
}
if len(user.Name) < 2 && len(user.Name) > 10 {
    return false
}
if !validateEmail(user.Email) {
    return false
}
 

type User struct {
    Id    int    `validate:"number,min=1,max=1000"`
    Name  string `validate:"string,min=2,max=10"`
    Bio   string `validate:"string"`
    Email string `validate:"email"`
}

實現思路

我們定義一個介面Validator，定義一個方法Validate。再定義有具體意義的驗證器例如StringValidator、NumberValidator、EmailValidator來實現介面Validator。

  完整例項

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
    "regexp"
    "strings"
)

const tagName = "validate"

//郵箱驗證正則
var mailRe = regexp.MustCompile(`\A[\w+\-.][email protected][a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z]+)*\.[a-z]+\z`)

//驗證介面
type Validator interface {
    Validate(interface{}) (bool, error)
}

type DefaultValidator struct {
}

func (v DefaultValidator) Validate(val interface{}) (bool, error) {
    return true, nil
}

type StringValidator struct {
    Min int
    Max int
}

func (v StringValidator) Validate(val interface{}) (bool, error) {
    l := len(val.(string))

    if l == 0 {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("cannot be blank")
    }

    if l < v.Min {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("should be at least %v chars long", v.Min)
    }

    if v.Max >= v.Min && l > v.Max {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("should be less than %v chars long", v.Max)
    }

    return true, nil
}


type NumberValidator struct {
    Min int
    Max int
}

func (v NumberValidator) Validate(val interface{}) (bool, error) {
    num := val.(int)

    if num < v.Min {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("should be greater than %v", v.Min)
    }

    if v.Max >= v.Min && num > v.Max {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("should be less than %v", v.Max)
    }

    return true, nil
}

type EmailValidator struct {
}

func (v EmailValidator) Validate(val interface{}) (bool, error) {
    if !mailRe.MatchString(val.(string)) {
        return false, fmt.Errorf("is not a valid email address")
    }
    return true, nil
}

func getValidatorFromTag(tag string) Validator {
    args := strings.Split(tag, ",")

    switch args[0] {
    case "number":
        validator := NumberValidator{}
        //將structTag中的min和max解析到結構體中
        fmt.Sscanf(strings.Join(args[1:], ","), "min=%d,max=%d", &validator.Min, &validator.Max)
        return validator
    case "string":
        validator := StringValidator{}
        fmt.Sscanf(strings.Join(args[1:], ","), "min=%d,max=%d", &validator.Min, &validator.Max)
        return validator
    case "email":
        return EmailValidator{}
    }

    return DefaultValidator{}
}

func validateStruct(s interface{}) []error {
    errs := []error{}

    v := reflect.ValueOf(s)

    for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
        //利用反射獲取structTag
        tag := v.Type().Field(i).Tag.Get(tagName)

        if tag == "" || tag == "-" {
            continue
        }

        validator := getValidatorFromTag(tag)

        valid, err := validator.Validate(v.Field(i).Interface())
        if !valid && err != nil {
            errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%s %s", v.Type().Field(i).Name, err.Error()))
        }
    }

    return errs
}

type User struct {
    Id    int    `validate:"number,min=1,max=1000"`
    Name  string `validate:"string,min=2,max=10"`
    Bio   string `validate:"string"`
    Email string `validate:"email"`
}

func main() {
    user := User{
        Id:    0,
        Name:  "superlongstring",
        Bio:   "",
        Email: "foobar",
    }

    fmt.Println("Errors:")
    for i, err := range validateStruct(user) {
        fmt.Printf("\t%d. %s\n", i+1, err.Error())
    }
}
 

package main

import (
    "github.com/asaskevich/govalidator"
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

type Server struct {
    ID         string `valid:"uuid,required"`
    Name       string `valid:"machine_id"`
    HostIP     string `valid:"ip"`
    MacAddress string `valid:"mac,required"`
    WebAddress string `valid:"url"`
    AdminEmail string `valid:"email"`
}

func main() {
    server := &Server{
        ID:         "123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426655440000",
        Name:       "IX01",
        HostIP:     "127.0.0.1",
        MacAddress: "01:23:45:67:89:ab",
        WebAddress: "www.example.com",
        AdminEmail: "[email protected]",
    }

    //自定義tag驗證函式
    govalidator.TagMap["machine_id"] = govalidator.Validator(func(str string) bool {
        return strings.HasPrefix(str, "IX")
    })

    if ok, err := govalidator.ValidateStruct(server); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    } else {
        fmt.Printf("OK: %v\n", ok)
    }
}