linux shell 條件判斷if else, if elif else....
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-03
在linux的shell中
if 語句通過關係運算符判斷表示式的真假來決定執行哪個分支。Shell 有三種 if ... else 語句:
if ... fi 語句;
if ... else ... fi 語句;
if ... elif ... else ... fi 語句。
1) if ... else 語句
if ... else 語句的語法:
if [ expression ]
then
Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true
fi
注意:如果 expression 返回 true,then 後邊的語句將會被執行;如果返回 false,不會執行任何語句。最後必須以 fi 來結尾閉合 if,fi 就是 if 倒過來拼寫,後面也會遇見。
注意:expression 和方括號([ ])之間必須有空格,否則會有語法錯誤。
例如:
#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
echo "a is equal to b"
fi
if [ $a != $b ]
then
echo "a is not equal to b"
fi
執行結果:
a is not equal to b
2) if ... else ... fi 語句
if ... else ... fi 語句的語法:if [ expression ] then Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true else Statement(s) to be executed if expression is not true fi
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
echo "a is equal to b"
else
echo "a is not equal to b"
fi
執行結果:
a is not equal to b
3) if ... elif ... fi 語句
if ... elif ... fi 語句可以對多個條件進行判斷,語法為:if [ expression 1 ] then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is true elif [ expression 2 ] then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is true elif [ expression 3 ] then Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is true else Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is true fi
舉個例子:
#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
echo "a is equal to b"
elif [ $a -gt $b ]
then
echo "a is greater than b"
elif [ $a -lt $b ]
then
echo "a is less than b"
else
echo "None of the condition met"
fi
執行結果:
a is less than b
if ... else 語句也可以寫成一行,以命令的方式來執行,像這樣:
- if test $[2*3] -eq $[1+5]; then echo 'The two numbers are equal!'; fi;
if ... else 語句也經常與 test 命令結合使用,如下所示:
num1=$[2*3]
num2=$[1+5]
if test $[num1] -eq $[num2]
then
echo 'The two numbers are equal!'
else
echo 'The two numbers are not equal!'
fi
輸出:
The two numbers are equal!test 命令用於檢查某個條件是否成立,與方括號([ ])類似。