MySQL環境部署
MySql 環境部署
本Markdown編輯器使用[StackEdit][6]修改而來，用它寫部落格，將會帶來全新的體驗哦：
序章：
MySQL是個小型的資料庫，用來自己做小專案，做學習練習什麼的再適合不過了，不過新手總會被一些莫名奇妙的問題難住，想要學習什麼的，連環境都搭不好，簡直是受罪，我也是個飽受這種痛苦的新手，所以想把遇到的問題都總結下來，以後再碰到，不用到處去找資料。
新手在Windows環境下，建議下載Installer MSI版本的，安裝簡單直接Next…直到Finish…完成安裝，雖然只有32位的，但是作為學習練習，還是夠用了（比如學習Java、Python、C#、SQL等語言），可不能輸在搭建環境上，對吧！
但是還是有很多像我這樣的強迫症患者，用了64位的作業系統，非要下64位的zip版本的MySQL心裡才舒服。
1.windows下安裝mysql
下載最新版本的mysql
可以看到上圖，MySQL5.7它沒有data目錄，如果沒有data目錄，安裝後啟動的時候就會報這個錯：
D:\Service\mysql57\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服務正在啟動 .
MySQL 服務無法啟動。
服務沒有報告任何錯誤。
請鍵入 NET HELPMSG 3534 以獲得更多的幫助。
為了避免這個錯誤，需要使用命令生成data資料夾，按如下步驟安裝
- 首先需要將MySQL的bin錄了新增到環境變數，bin目錄下都是執行檔案，如果沒有放進環境變數，就需要進入到mysql的bin目錄下執行相關指令
- 將my-default.ini修改為my.ini，並且放到bin目錄下
- 修改my.ini，主要修改basedir和datadir，如下：
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the - 進入dos的命令列，一定要用administrator進入。
- 進入MySQL的bin目錄，輸入mysqld –install可以安裝MySQL
D:>cd D:\Service\mysql57\bin
D:\Service\mysql57\bin>mysqld -install
Service successfully installed.
- 輸入以下命令，可以初始化MySQL資料庫，初始化了之後，會打印出MySQL的預設生成的密碼，下面標紅了的就是預設生成的密碼。
D:\Service\mysql57\bin>mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --console
2015-12-20T08:13:45.264865Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2015-12-20T08:13:45.854579Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2015-12-20T08:13:45.998772Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2015-12-20T08:13:46.098118Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9755c3ea-a6f1-11e5-81a3-74d02b122fb3.
2015-12-20T08:13:46.121617Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2015-12-20T08:13:46.135153Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: g!gRw!d%M0Sj初始化了以後，可以看到MySQL目錄下，多了data目錄
- 啟動MySQL服務
D:\Service\mysql57\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服務正在啟動 .
MySQL 服務已經啟動成功。
- 使用預設生成的密碼，進入mysql
D:\Service\mysql57\bin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.10
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>- 進入了mysql就可以修改預設密碼了（我把預設密碼修改成了root）
mysql> set password = password(‘root’) ;
這個時候，Windows下的MySQL環境就已經安裝好了。
2、Linux下安裝MySQL
如果有網路的話，Linux下安裝就簡單多了，我這用的CentOS安裝的
- 安裝MySQL服務，下面用yum安裝，它會自動安裝需要的依賴包，很方便，但是要用root使用者來安裝
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mysql-server
2. 啟動MySQL服務，第一次啟動服務會有點慢
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
3. 啟動了MySQL服務，就可以使用ps命令，可以檢視到MySQL這個服務，說明服務已經啟動了
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 3474 1 0 22:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe –datadir=/var/lib/mysql –socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid –basedir=/usr –user=mysql
mysql 3576 3474 0 22:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld –basedir=/usr –datadir=/var/lib/mysql –user=mysql –log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log –pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid –socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 3614 3334 0 22:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
4. 直接輸入mysql就可以進入MySQL了
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
5. 設定MySQL的密碼，我這邊設定密碼為root，以後就可以用這個密碼來登入MySQL了
mysql> set password = password(‘root’);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = D:\Service\mysql57
# datadir = D:\Service\mysql57\data
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES