(一)Spring IoC原始碼-3.其他特性的實現原理-02迴圈依賴的解決
引言:迴圈依賴就是N個類中迴圈巢狀引用,如果在日常開發中我們用new 物件的方式發生這種迴圈依賴的話程式會在執行時一直迴圈呼叫,直至記憶體溢位報錯。下面說一下Spring是如果解決迴圈依賴的。
第一種:構造器引數迴圈依賴
Spring容器會將每一個正在建立的Bean 識別符號放在一個“當前建立Bean池”中,Bean識別符號在建立過程中將一直保持
在這個池中,因此如果在建立Bean過程中發現自己已經在“當前建立Bean池”裡時將丟擲
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException異常表示迴圈依賴;而對於建立完畢的Bean將從“當前建立Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我們先初始化三個Bean。
public class StudentA {
private StudentB studentB ;
public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
}
ublic class StudentB {
private StudentC studentC ;
public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
public StudentB() {
}
public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
}
public class StudentC {
private StudentA studentA ;
public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
public StudentC() {
}
public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
}
OK,上面是很基本的3個類,,StudentA有參構造是StudentB。StudentB的有參構造是StudentC,StudentC的有參構造是StudentA ,這樣就產生了一個迴圈依賴的情況,
我們都把這三個Bean交給Spring管理,並用有參構造例項化
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
下面是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
執行結果報錯資訊為:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解開頭那句話的話,這個報錯應該不驚訝,Spring容器先建立單例StudentA,StudentA依賴StudentB,然後將A放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentB,StudentB依賴StudentC ,然後將B放在“當前建立Bean池”中,此時建立StudentC,StudentC又依賴StudentA, 但是,此時Student已經在池中,所以會報錯,,因為在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以會依賴錯誤 ,(初始化完的Bean會從池中移除)
第二種:setter方式單例,預設方式
如果要說setter方式注入的話,我們最好先看一張Spring中Bean例項化的圖
如圖中前兩步驟得知:Spring是先將Bean物件例項化之後再設定物件屬性的
修改配置檔案為set方式注入
<!--scope="singleton"(預設就是單例方式) -->
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
下面是測試類:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
列印結果為:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
為什麼用set方式就不報錯了呢 ?
我們結合上面那張圖看,Spring先是用構造例項化Bean物件 ,此時Spring會將這個例項化結束的物件放到一個Map中,並且Spring提供了獲取這個未設定屬性的例項化物件引用的方法。 結合我們的例項來看,,當Spring例項化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC後,緊接著會去設定物件的屬性,此時StudentA依賴StudentB,就會去Map中取出存在裡面的單例StudentB物件,以此類推,不會出來迴圈的問題嘍、
下面是Spring原始碼中的實現方法,。以下的原始碼在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java類中
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(快取單例例項化物件的Map集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(單例的工廠Bean快取集合) */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的單身物件快取集合) */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(單例的例項化物件名稱集合) */
private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
/**
* 新增單例例項
* 解決迴圈引用的問題
* Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
* if necessary.
* <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
* resolve circular references.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
*/
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
第三種:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置檔案為:
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
scope=”prototype” 意思是 每次請求都會建立一個例項物件。兩者的區別是:有狀態的bean都使用Prototype作用域,無狀態的一般都使用singleton單例作用域。
測試用例:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
<strong>//此時必須要獲取Spring管理的例項,因為現在scope="prototype" 只有請求獲取的時候才會例項化物件</strong>
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
列印結果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
為什麼原型模式就報錯了呢 ?
對於“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器無法完成依賴注入,因為“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不進行快取,因此無法提前暴露一個建立中的Bean。