1. 程式人生 > >ZooKeeper ACL許可權控制

ZooKeeper ACL許可權控制

ZK 類似檔案系統,Client 可以在上面建立節點、更新節點、刪除節點等如何做到許可權的控制?查閱文件,zk的ack(Access Control List)能夠保證許可權,但是調研完後發現它不是很好用。

ACL 許可權控制,使用:schema:id:permission 來標識,主要涵蓋 3 個方面:

  1. 許可權模式(Schema):鑑權的策略
  2. 授權物件(ID)
  3. 許可權(Permission)
其特性如下:
  1. ZooKeeper的許可權控制是基於每個znode節點的,需要對每個節點設定許可權
  2. 每個znode支援設定多種許可權控制方案和多個許可權
  3. 子節點不會繼承父節點的許可權,客戶端無權訪問某節點,但可能可以訪問它的子節點
一、接下來,我們逐一講解schema、id和permission三個知識點。 1、schema: ZooKeeper內建了一些許可權控制方案,可以用以下方案為每個節點設定許可權:
方案 描述
world 只有一個使用者:anyone,代表所有人(預設)
ip 使用IP地址認證
auth 使用已新增認證的使用者認證
digest 使用“使用者名稱:密碼”方式認證
2、id: 授權物件ID是指,許可權賦予的使用者或者一個實體,例如:IP 地址或者機器。授權模式 schema 與 授權物件 ID 之間關係:
3、許可權permission:
許可權 ACL簡寫 描述
CREATE c 可以建立子節點
DELETE d 可以刪除子節點(僅下一級節點)
READ r 可以讀取節點資料及顯示子節點列表
WRITE w 可以設定節點資料
ADMIN a 可以設定節點訪問控制列表許可權
二、許可權相關命令:
命令 使用方式 描述
getAcl getAcl <path> 讀取ACL許可權
setAcl setAcl <path> <acl> 設定ACL許可權
addauth addauth <scheme> <auth> 新增認證使用者
三、實戰: 1、World方案: 1)設定方式
setAcl <path> world:anyone:<acl>
2)客戶端例項:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node1 1
Created /node1

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] getAcl /node1
'world,'anyone  #預設為world方案
: cdrwa #任何人都擁有所有許可權

#可以用以下方式設定:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node1 world:anyone:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002a1
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002a1
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002a1
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

2、IP方案: 1)設定方式
setAcl <path> ip:<ip>:<acl>
<ip>:可以是具體IP也可以是IP/bit格式,即IP轉換為二進位制,匹配前bit位,如192.168.0.0/16匹配192.168.*.* 2)客戶端例項
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node2 1
Created /node2

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node2 ip:192.168.100.1:cdrwa #設定IP:192.168.100.1 擁有所有許可權
cZxid = 0x1900000239
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000239
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000239
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node2
'ip,'192.168.100.1
: cdrwa

#使用IP非 192.168.100.1 的機器
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get /node2
Authentication is not valid : /node2 #沒有許可權

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] delete /node2 #刪除成功(因為設定DELETE許可權僅對下一級子節點有效,並不包含此節點)

3、Auth方案 1)設定方式
addauth digest <user>:<password> #新增認證使用者
setAcl <path> auth:<user>:<acl>
2)客戶端例項
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node3 1
Created /node3

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #新增認證使用者

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node3 auth:yoonper:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002b8
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002b8
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002b8
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] getAcl /node3
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
: cdrwa

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /node3
1 #剛才已經新增認證使用者,可以直接讀取資料,斷開會話重連需要重新addauth新增認證使用者
cZxid = 0x1900000418
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000418
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000418
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

4、Digest方案 1)設定方式
setAcl <path> digest:<user>:<password>:<acl>
這裡的密碼是經過SHA1及BASE64處理的密文,在SHELL中可以通過以下命令計算:
echo -n <user>:<password> | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64
先來計算一個密文
echo -n yoonper:123456 | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64
UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
2)客戶端例項
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node4 1
Created /node4

#使用是上面算好的密文密碼新增許可權:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node4 digest:yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002e3
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002e3
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002e3
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node4
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
: cdrwa

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /node4
Authentication is not valid : /node4 #沒有許可權

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #新增認證使用者

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] get /node4
1 #成功讀取資料
cZxid = 0x1900000420
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000420
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000420
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0

5、java客戶單例項:
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;  
  
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;  
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;  
  
import com.zookeeper.utils.CommonParams;  
  
  
public class Zookeeper_Acl_Create  extends CommonParams implements Watcher {  
  
    private static CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);  
      
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);  
      
    private static ZooKeeper zk = null;  
  
    public void syncInit() {  
        try {  
            zk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,  
                    new Zookeeper_Acl_Create());  
            latch.await();  
            zk.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes());  
            zk.create("/act", "init".getBytes(), Ids.CREATOR_ALL_ACL, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);  
            ZooKeeper zk3 =  new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,  
                    null);  
            zk3.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes());  
            String value2 = new String(zk3.getData("/act", false, null));  
            System.out.println("zk3有許可權進行資料的獲取" + value2);  
            ZooKeeper zk2 =  new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,  
                    null);  
            zk2.addAuthInfo("digest", "super:123".getBytes());  
            zk2.getData("/act", false, null);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (KeeperException e) {  
            System.out.println("異常:" + e.getMessage());  
            System.out.println("zk2沒有許可權進行資料的獲取");  
            countDownLatch.countDown();  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {  
        if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == event.getState()) {  
            if (event.getType() == EventType.None && null == event.getPath()) {  
                latch.countDown();  
            }   
        }  
    }  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {  
        Zookeeper_Acl_Create acl_Create = new Zookeeper_Acl_Create();  
        acl_Create.syncInit();  
        countDownLatch.await();  
    }  
  
}  
輸出:
zk3有許可權進行資料的獲取init  
異常:KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /act  
zk2沒有許可權進行資料的獲取