4---linux中斷之按鍵查詢
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-06
上一篇中我們用了簡單的字元裝置驅動來點亮led燈,這一篇我們來搞一搞中斷。
為了引入中斷,我們先看一看這麼一個程式
******led.c******
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
int major;
static struct class *seconddrv_class;
static struct class_device *seconddrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;
static int second_drv_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
*gpfcon &= ~((0x3<<(0*2)) | (0x3 << (2*2)));
*gpgcon &= ~((0x3<<(3*2)) | (0x3 << (11*2)));
return 0;
}
ssize_t second_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
/* 返回4個引腳的電平 */
unsigned char key_vals[4];
int regval;
if (size != sizeof(key_vals))
return -EINVAL;
/* 讀GPF0,2 */
regval = *gpfdat;
key_vals[0] = (regval & (1<<0)) ? 1 : 0;
key_vals[1] = (regval & (1<<2)) ? 1 : 0;
/* 讀GPG3,11 */
regval = *gpgdat;
key_vals[2] = (regval & (1<<3)) ? 1 : 0;
key_vals[3] = (regval & (1<<11)) ? 1 : 0;
copy_to_user(buf, key_vals, sizeof(key_vals));
return sizeof(key_vals);
}
static struct file_operations second_drv_fops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = second_drv_open,
.read = second_drv_read,
};
static int second_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0,"second_drv",&second_drv_fops);
seconddrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "seconddrv");
seconddrv_class_dev = class_device_create(seconddrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons*/
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050,16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060,16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void second_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major,"second_drv");
class_device_unregister(seconddrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(seconddrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
}
module_init(second_drv_init);
module_exit(second_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
測試程式:
*****led_test*****
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int cnt = 0;
int fd;
unsigned char key_vals[4];
fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open\n");
}
while(1)
{
read(fd,key_vals,sizeof(key_vals));
if(!key_vals[0] || !key_vals[1] || !key_vals[2] || !key_vals[3])
{
printf("%04d key pressed : %d %d %d %d\n",cnt++,key_vals[0],key_vals[1],key_vals[2],key_vals[3]);
}
}
return 0;
}
驅動程式提供了read函式,在read裡面我們讀出了key的電平
測試程式在一個死迴圈裡面檢視電平狀態
我們把它們拷貝到開發板並執行:
./led_test &
在使用ps命令檢視程序:
ps
會發現led_test cpu的佔有率竟然是99,這個可是非常的霸道了,讓其它程序怎麼活
因此我們可以使用中斷
檢視原理圖:中斷號為0 2 11 19
1.註冊中斷
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq,IRQT_BOTHEDGE, “S1”, &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq,IRQT_ BOTHEDGE, “S2”, &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq,IRQT_ BOTHEDGE, “S3”, &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq,IRQT_ BOTHEDGE, “S4”, &pins_desc[3]);
在入口函式註冊中斷
int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id)
irq:中斷號,一般在核心有巨集定義了
handler :中斷處理函式
irqgflags:觸發模式,一般核心裡也有巨集定義,
name : 中斷名字
dev_id : 中斷的id
2.read函式
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_wait);//宣告等待佇列
static int led_read(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
wait_event_interruptible(button_wait, even_press);
/*有按鍵按下,退出等待佇列,上傳key_val 給使用者層*/
if(copy_to_user(buf,&key_val,sizeof(key_val)))
return EFAULT;
even_press=0; //資料發完後,立馬設為休眠狀態,避免誤操作
return 0;
}
當我們在應用程式呼叫open時,如果按鍵沒有變化,那麼會進入休眠狀態,等待被喚醒
wait_event_interruptible(wq, condition) //將中斷進入等待佇列(休眠狀態)
wq:等待佇列,需要宣告
condition:當為0時,進入休眠狀態
3.中斷服務函式
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq (int irq, void *dev_id) //中斷服務函式
{
struct pin_desc *pindesc=(struct pin_desc *)dev_id; //獲取引腳描述結構體
unsigned int pin_val=0;
pin_val=s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if(pin_val)
{
/*沒有按下 (下降沿),清除0x80*/
key_val=pindesc->pin_status&0xef;
}
else
{
/*按下(上升沿),加上0x80*/
key_val=pindesc->pin_status|0x80;
}
even_press=1; //退出等待佇列
wake_up_interruptible(&button_wait);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
中斷服務函式裡面,按鍵按下時我們改變key_val的值,按鍵鬆開時我們改變key_val的值
wake_up_interruptible(&button_wait); //喚醒 中斷
編寫測試程式
#include <sys/types.h> //呼叫sys目錄下types.h檔案
#include <sys/stat.h> //stat.h獲取檔案屬性
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*secondtext while一直獲取按鍵資訊 */
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int fd,ret;
unsigned int val=0;
fd=open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR);
if(fd<0)
{printf("can't open!!!\n");
return -1;}
while(1)
{
ret=read(fd,&val,1); //讀取一個值,(當在等待佇列時,本程序就會進入休眠狀態)
if(ret<0)
{
printf("read err!\n");
continue;
}
printf("key_val=0X%x\r\n",val);
}
return 0;
}
在死迴圈裡面一直read()
編譯,拷貝,載入
insmod key.c
執行測試程式:
./key_test &
使用ps命令:
ps
這次我們發現測試程式對cpu佔有非常的低。按下按鍵,列印資訊,鬆開按鍵,列印資訊。
完成!!
*****key.c*****
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
static struct class *keydrv_class;
static struct class_device *keydrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中斷事件標誌, 中斷服務程式將它置1,key_drv_read將它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 鍵值: 按下時, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 鍵值: 鬆開時, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};
/*
* 確定按鍵值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
/* 鬆開 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中斷髮生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 喚醒休眠的程序 */
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int key_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/* 配置GPF0,2為輸入引腳 */
/* 配置GPG3,11為輸入引腳 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t key_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
/* 如果沒有按鍵動作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
/* 如果有按鍵動作, 返回鍵值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int key_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 這是一個巨集,推向編譯模組時自動建立的__this_module變數 */
.open = key_drv_open,
.read = key_drv_read,
.release = key_drv_close,
};
int major;
static int key_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "key_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
keydrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "key_drv");
keydrv_class_dev = class_device_create(keydrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void key_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "key_drv");
class_device_unregister(keydrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(keydrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(key_drv_init);
module_exit(key_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");